本研究以問卷調查方式針對高科技工業(半導體工業)及傳統工業(螺絲工業)廠商之勞工進行職業災害率及災害原因的調查與分析，以瞭解國內高科技及傳統工業職業災害率、災害原因與廠內安全衛生管理之相關性。
經對半導體工業勞工1399人及螺絲工業勞工400人進行災害率及其問卷調查，結果發現半導體工業之失能傷害頻率與失能傷害以下之頻率明顯低於螺絲工業(2.78：15.54；20.8：79.05)，顯示半導體工業廠商之安全衛生管理執行狀況比螺絲工業來的落實。而半導體工業平均失能傷害頻率與平均非失能傷害頻率比值約為1：7.48，螺絲工業之比值則為1：5.09，兩行業之失能傷害頻率與非失能傷害頻率比值，皆遠低於國外相關研究所作之意外事故調查結果甚多，因此顯示我國之職業災害率可能有低估之情況。而在災害原因方面，半導體工業之前三名災害類型依序為「與有害物等之接觸」(18.87﹪)及「被切、割、擦傷」(15.36﹪)及「被夾、被捲」（11.58﹪）；螺絲工業則為「被夾、被捲」(22.15﹪)、「被切、割、擦傷」(20.19﹪)及「被撞」（13.64﹪），顯示半導體工業之危害主要為化學原物料，而螺絲工業則仍以傳統之動力機械危害為主。而災害媒介物則與災害類型有其相關性，半導體工業以「其他設備」及「物質材料」為主，而螺絲工業則為「動力機械」及「裝卸運搬機械」。在災害勞工身體受傷部位比較，結果發現半導體工業之前三名依序為「沒有受傷」、「手指受傷」及「足板受傷」（11.47﹪），與螺絲工業「手指受傷」、「沒有受傷」及「足板受傷」相似，顯示兩行業之災害為被夾被捲、被切割擦傷居多，而沒有受傷之比例亦高，可能與災害中虛驚事故比例較高有關。
而在事件發生者與其他勞工在基本特徵上之比較，結果顯示兩行業於「部門會注意員工工作上的安全與衛生」、「員工會積極參與部門的安全衛生活動」、「部門會重視員工的安全衛生訓練」及「員工與主管能公開討論安全衛生問題」具有不同趨勢，顯示半導體工業於廠內之安全衛生管理與訓練執行上比螺絲工業來的積極與落實。
因此本研究建議半導體及螺絲工業，應加強職災之非失能傷害事件之調查與統計分析，以了解災害發生之原因，另亦應加強勞工廠內之安全衛生教育訓練，以預防職業災害之發生，因此本研究結果可供高科技與傳統工業於推動安全衛生管理時之參考。

In this study, a questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence and causes of injury for hi-tech and traditional industries, and to assess their performance efficiencies on conducting safety and health management.
Data were collected from 1399 semi-conductor workers (representing hi-tech industry) and 400 fastener workers (representing traditional industry). The results show that the frequency of injury in semi-conductor industry is obviously lower than that of the fastener industry (2.78:15.54; 20.8:79.05). The semi-conductor industry is more active and comprehensive in implementing the safety and health management than that in fastener industry. The disabling frequency rate and non- disabling frequency rate in semi-conductor is 1:7.48 and 1:5.09 for fastener industry, lower than those found in foreign countries, reflecting a possibility of underestimation in Taiwan. The top three causes of injuries in semi-conductor industry are "contact with hazard material" (18.87%), "wound" (15.36%) and "clip" (11.58%). For fastener industry, they are "clip" (22.15%), "wound" (20.19%) and "collide" (13.64%). It appears that the main cause for injury in semi-conductor industry is related to exposure of chemical materials, but for fastener industry is power machinery. The association between injury pathway and injury type was found between "other equipments" and "physical materials" for the semi-conductor industry, and between "power machinery" and "machinery loading or transporting" for fastener industry. The top three sites of the injury sites on the labor in semi-conductor industry are "none-injury", "finger injury" and "foot injury", similar to those found in fastener industry.
When comparing the characteristics of the injured labors, it clearly shows these two industries have different practices in "caring workers’ safety and health", "workers’ participation in safety and health activities", "educating safety and health concept" and "communicating openly with workers for safety and health issues". Semi-conductor industry is apparently more aggressive and serious in implementing the safety and health management and training in the work places.
In conclusion, we suggest both semi-conductor and fastener industries must improve their analysis of non- disabling injury event and investigate their causes. They should also improve the training of their labors for preventing work injury.

參考文獻
Aaltonen M.V., 1996. Occupational Injuries in the Finish Furniture Industry. Scan J Work Environ Health, 22:197-203.
Bohle P., Quinlan M., 2000. Chap1 The Occupational Health and Safety Problem, in 〝Managing Occupational Health and Safety〞, 2nd edition, MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS AUSTRALIA PTY LTD, Printed in Malaysia, p.56.
David R., Dana L., 1997. Trends in Fatal Occupational Injuries and Industrial Restructuring in North Carolina in the 1980s, Am J of Public Health, 87（6）.
Dillingham A.E., 1981. Sex Difference in Labor Market Injury Risk. Industrial-Relations, Winter, 117-122
Gaffey W.R., 1989. Spontaneous Abortions among Semiconductor Manufacturers, Journal of Occupational Medicine , 31： 200-201.
Greenberg G.N., 1989. Reproductive Hazards of Semiconductor Industry, Journal of Occupational Medicine, 31: 280-281.
Intel., 1997. Intel Corporation Designing for Safety and the Environmental.
Intel., 1998. Intel Corporation Environmental, Health and Safety Performance Report.
Landen D.D., Hendricks S.A., 1992. Estimates from The National-Health Interview Survey on Occupational Injury among Older Workers in The United-States, Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment of Health, 18-20.
Lassiter D.V., 1995. High Technology Benchmark Survey of Work Injury and Illness Statistics-1993＆1994, SIA.
Lassiter D.V.,1998. International Work Injury ＆ Illness Experience of Semiconductor Workers-1997, 半導體產業環保安全衛生研討會，工研院工安衛中心.
Liang W.M., Kuo H.W., Wang C.B., Chen C.J., 2002. Occupational Hazards of the Workplace in 1999 among Taiwanese Workers. Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Journal 10:285-294.
Nichols T., 1989. The Business Cycle and Industrial Injury in British Manufacturing over a Quarter of a Century： Continuities in Industrial Injury Research, Socio Logical Review, 37：538-50.
Ore T., 1998. Women in the U.S. Construction Industry: An Analysis of Fatal Occupational Injury Experience, 1980 to 1992. Am.J.Ind.Med, 33:256-62.
Research Triangle Institute , 2002. SUDAAN User’s Manual, 2nd edition Release 8.0.
Scheaffer R.L., Mendenhall W., and Ott L., 1996. Elementary Survey Sampling, 5th edition, Duxbury Press.
Ruser J.W., 1984. Workers’ Compensation Insurance, Experience Rating, and Occupational Injuries. Bureau of Labor Statistics Working Paper, 146：32-32
Takala J., 2000. ILO Asia-Pacific Newsletter. Occup. Health and Safety,7：4-8.
Wogalter M.S., Young S.L., Brelsford J.W., Barlow T., 1999. The Relative Contributions of Injury Severity and Likelihood Information on Hazard-Risk Judgements and Warning Compliance, J. of Safety Research, 30（3）：151-162.
王興毅（2001），談台灣半導體產業的近況與發展，工業技術研究院產業經濟與資訊服務中心。
行政院勞工委員會（1991）,勞工安全衛生法暨施行細則。
行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所（1995），我國各行業職業災害損失立即顯示系統-營造業，IOSH84-S363。
行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所（1997），世界主要國家職業災害統計分析報告，IOSH85-S363。
行政院勞工委員會（2001），中華民國八十九年勞動檢查年報。
吳鴻均（2002），勞工安全研究未來環境預測， 勞工安全衛生簡訊，56：2-3。
林世昌、余榮彬、呂甄玲（1998），新竹科學園區六大行業之職業災害比較分析，工業安全科技，28：11-18。
林永芬（1999），半導體廠及光電廠化學品供應系統安全基準（上），勞工安全衛生簡訊，36：4-8。
洪炎星（2002），我國螺絲螺帽產業概況，金屬工業研究發展中心。
洪炎星（2003），我國螺絲產業特質與發展趨勢，金屬工業研究發展中心。
陳正信（1992），台灣省近十年來重大職業災害統計分析報告，行政院勞工委員會八十一年度全國勞工安全衛生研討會資料彙編，pp.17-54。
黃清賢（1990），工業安全與管理，p46-51。
黃如瑋（2001），輪班生活對健康影響知多少?，勞工安全衛生簡訊，47：2-3。
張萬權（1998），我國金屬製品產業現況，金屬工業雙月刊，32：54-70。
勞工保險局（2001），勞工保險統計年報。
傅達勳（1999），勞工安全衛生教育訓練推動情形，勞工安全衛生簡訊，34：9-10。
中華民國行政院主計處網站。http：//www.dgbas.gov.tw.
南部科學工業園區網站。http：//www.tnsipa.gov.tw/webapp/TnsipaWebApp/.
台灣區螺絲工業同業公會。http：//www.twfastener.org/chinese/cindex.htm.