本研究針對螺絲製造業成型製程煙道及作業環境，進行多環芳香烴化合物（Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons，PAHs）及金屬之採樣分析，以探討PAH及金屬煙道排放及現場逸散特徵，及其對環境與勞工之影響。煙道廢氣以 AST煙道採樣器進行成型機台之三種煙道採樣，結果發現三種機台煙道之Total-PAHs為：機台內煙道（107 g/m3）>下腳料槽煙道（53.6 g/m3）>成品槽煙道（48.7 g/m3），其氣固相PAHs分佈又均以固相PAHs為主（64.9 -87.7 %）。另本研究亦針對製程所使用之金屬加工用油（MEFs）加以分析油中Total-PAHs含量(537 mg/kg)，其中HMW-PAHs（81.7 ％）>MMW-PAHs（14.5 ％）>LMW-PAHs （3.85 ％），其分佈與三種煙道廢氣中固相PAHs有類似組成：HMW-PAHs（81.5－81.6 ％）> MMW-PAHs（13.9－15.1 ％）>LMW-PAHs （3.05－4.48 ％），因此推測固相PAHs在螺絲成型過程中主要經由碰撞產生。一台成型機台Total-PAHs排放率（Emission Rate, ER）分別為：機台內煙道（0.082 kg/year）>成品槽煙道（0.0162 kg/year）>下腳料槽煙道（0.010 kg/year），推估螺絲廠整廠五十個成型製程之總ER為5.40 kg/year，相當於2.51座焚化爐（40噸/天）排放量。作業環境分別以Marple-298個人階梯衝擊式採樣器評估作業場所粒徑分佈，IOM可吸入性氣膠採樣器及後接XAD-2吸附管以模擬現場勞工之PAHs暴露情形。結果顯示油霧滴與固相PAHs皆是雙峰分佈，其Fine mode（0.13-1.55m）及Coarse mode（3.50-50.0m m）之油霧滴與Total-PAHs濃度分別為1.36及0.300 g/m3，及5.90及3.59 g/m3，故知勞工現場暴露之固相PAHs應Fine mode為主。另結果顯示作業場所勞工暴露之推估Total-PAHs濃度為26.9 g/m3，氣固相分佈以氣相為主（81.6 %），PAHs暴露可引起致癌風險推估值為1.92 X 10-5。本研究針對製程所使用盤元內七種金屬（鋁、鉻、錳、鉬、鎳、鉛及鋯）進行探討，三種機台煙道之金屬元素以Cr濃度最高：機台內煙道（3.14 g/m3）>下腳料槽煙道（2.03 g/m3）>成品槽煙道（0.20 g/m3）。另針對MWFs加以分析油中金屬含量以鋁及鉻含量最高，分別為54.4及46.3 g/kg，推測煙道中較高之鉻濃度與當天使用盤元中高比例之鉻有關。推估螺絲廠五十個成型機台鉻（0.168 kg/year）、鎳（0.107 kg/year）、鉛（0.015 kg/year）之ER相當於1.04、0.006及0.001座裝設DSI/ESP之垃圾焚化爐（40噸/天）排放量。作業場所之金屬濃度皆低於偵測下限。綜合本研究之結果，可知螺絲成型製程對勞工之Total-PAHs及金屬之暴露危害並不顯著，唯對環境則具有衝擊，採用煙道空氣汙染防治設備實有其必要性。

This study measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from flue gas ducts and the workplace environment of a fastener forming precess to characterize their emissions and assess their impacts on ambient environment and workplace workers. PAHs in three types of duct flue gas were collected by using the AST stack-sampling system. Results show that the magnitude as Total-PAHs concentrations in sequence is: forming machine duct (107 g/m3) > scrap surge tank duct (53.6 g/m3) > product surge tank duct (48.7 g/m3). By examining the distribution of particle and gaseous-phase PAHs, we found that Total-PAHs in the three collected ducts were consistently dominated by the former (64.9 -87.7 %). Total-PAHs found in the metal working fluid (MWF) used in the studied forming process (537 mg/kg) was found with a PAH homologue distribution as HMW-PAHs (81.7 %) > MMW-PAHs (14.5 %) > LMW-PAHs (3.85 %). The above results were quite similar to the particle phase: HMW-PAHs (81.5－81.6 %) > MMW-PAHs (13.9－15.1 %) >LMW-PAHs (3.05－4.48 %). PAHs that found in the three types of flue gas duct, suggesting that particle-phase PAHs were resulting from the impaction of MWF associated with the forming process. Total-PAHs emission rates for the three types of flue gas duct were found as: forming machine duct (0.082 kg/year) > product surge tank duct (0.0162 kg/year)> scrap surge tank duct (0.010 kg/year). Based on this, total forming emission for fastener manufactured plant (consisting of 50 forming machines) was estimated as 5.40 kg/year, which is equivalent to the total emissions of 2.51 waste incinerator (capacity: 40 metric tons per day). In workplace, we used a marple cascade impactor for particle size segregating sampler to characterize particle size distributions of both oil mist and Total-PAHs, and IOM personal sampler followed by a XAD-2 sorbent tube to characterize worker exposures. Results show that both oil mists and Total-PAHs were consistently in the form of bi-mode. Oil mist and Total-PAHs concentrations found in the fine mode (0.13 -1.55 m) and coarse mode (3.50-50.0 m) were 1.36 and 0.300 g/m3 , and 5.90 and 3.59 g/m3 , respectively. Suggesting that fine mode PAHs play more important roles on particle- phase PAHs exposed to workers. Estimated worker Total-PAHs exposure was found as 26.9 g/m3, unlike those found in the dust flue gas, which was dominated by gaseous-PAHs (81.6 %). The estimated excessive cancer risk associated with above exposures was found as 1.92 X 10-5. This study also measured seven kinds of metal elements (Al, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zr) in the wire rod. Results show that the Cr had the highest concentration as: forming machine duct (3.14 g/m3) > scrap surge tank duct (2.03 g/m3) > product surge tank duct (0.20 g/m3). Metal elements found in MWFs were not similar to the concentration in stack, Al had the hightest concentration (54.4 g/kg) but not the Cr (46.3 g/kg), suggesting that the metal elements in stack were majore resulting from the wire rod which Cr has the most composition. Based on this, metal elements emission form fastener manufactured plant (consisting of 50 forming machines) was estimated as Cr (0.168 kg/year), Ni (0.107 kg/year) and Pb (0.015 kg/year), which is equivalent to the total emissions of 1.04, 0.0006 and 0.001 waste incinerator with DSI/ESP (capacity: 40 metric tons per day).In work place, all of the metal elements were below the detection limit.In conclusion, PAHs and metal elements emission from the forming process of the faster manufacture industry has a very limit impact on workers exposures, but was significant for ambient environment suggest that appropriate air pollution control devices should be used in this industry immediately.

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