在全球暖化與化石能源枯竭的壓力之下，綠色能源的發展成為各國關注的焦點，近年來，鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的出現成為綠色能源發展的一項契機，由於其製作成本相對低廉以及擁有極高的光電轉化效率，因此被視為極具商業化潛力的新世代太陽能電池。本研究的重點是研製低成本、環境友善、製程簡單的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池，主要研究主軸包括: (I)研製二氧化錫量子點作為鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的電子傳輸層；(II)藉由甲咪基的參雜，增加鈣鈦礦層的光吸收以及穩定性；(III)為大幅度低降低鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的材料成本以及簡化製程步驟，使用四叔丁基酞菁铜與碳漿分別取代Spiro-OMeTAD與金屬電極作為鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的電洞傳輸層以及對電極。較值得注意的是：所有鈣鈦礦太陽能電池皆在高濕度的一般環境下製備。
以簡單、具有最重要的再現性的方法製備二氧化錫量子點水溶液且深入了解二氧化錫量子點的生成機制，並將其應用於鈣鈦礦太陽能電池。與傳統二氧化鈦電子傳輸層比較，二氧化錫量子點層與鈣鈦礦層之間的界面具有更低的電子電洞再結合率，因此，二氧化錫量子點層具有較佳的載子傳輸能力，進而擁有更好的光伏表現。
為了提升鈣鈦礦層的光子吸收能力與穩定性，因此加入不同比例的甲咪基(10、20、30%)參雜至甲胺鉛碘鈣鈦礦之中，吸收光譜的結果顯示，加入10%甲咪基有利於鈣鈦礦在吸收邊緣的光子吸收且造成吸收光譜紅移，然而加入過多比例的甲咪基會造成鈣鈦礦薄膜更多針孔孔洞，進而影響鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的光電轉化效率。
藉由簡單的旋塗方式來取代真空沉積四叔丁基酞菁铜電洞傳輸層，而低成本的碳漿則藉由刮刀法塗佈至電洞傳輸層上，並且加熱固化(358 K)。從PL的量測結果可以發現，不論Spiro-OMeTAD或四叔丁基酞菁铜作為電洞傳輸層應用於鈣鈦礦太陽能電池，都有較低的電子電洞再結合率，但使用Spiro-OMeTAD作為電洞傳輸層的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池卻有較差的光伏表現，因為Spiro-OMeTAD有較差的材料熱穩定性。相反地，使用四叔丁基酞菁铜作為電洞傳輸層的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池擁有較佳的光伏表現與較不明顯的遲滯現象。

Under the pressure of global warming and fossil fuel consumption, the development of green energy has attracted worldwide attention. Recently, the emergence of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has become a decisive opportunity for green energy. Due to relatively low-fabrication cost and high power conversion efficiency (PCE), PSCs have been considered as the promising next-generation solar cells for commercialization. In the present work, the research was focused on the preparation of low cost, environmental-friendly, and simple manufacturing process PSCs. Thus, the major objectives of this research include: (I) To prepare SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) as the electron transport layer (ETL) for PSCs; (II) To enhance PSC light absorption and stability by adding formamidinium (FA) in the perovskite layer; (III) To replace the expense spiro-OMeTAD and metal electrode with CuPc (copper(II) 2,9,16,23-tetra-tert-butyl-29H,31H-phthalocyanine) and carbon paste to tremendously reduce the material costs as well as simplify the fabrication process.
A simple and reproducible method was studied to prepare SnO2 QDs for the PSCs. Compared with the TiO2-based PSCs, the SnO2 QDs layer have less charge carrier recombination at the SnO2/perovskite interface, indicating a better electron transport ability, and thus a greater photovoltaic performance can be obtained.
To enhance light harvest and stability for the PSCs, FA (10, 20, and 30%) is incorporated to the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) PSCs. The absorption spectrum of the perovskite layer with 10% FA indicates a better photon absorption at the absorption edge with a red shift. However, more FA incorporation may cause the more pinholes in the perovskite layer leading the poor PCE.
The CuPc layer was deposited by simple spin coating process instead of the vacuum deposition process. Before post thermal treatment (358 K), the low-cost carbon paste was deposited on the hole transport layer (HTL) by doctor bladed method. The state-state PL indicated that the PSCs using Spiro-OMeTAD and CuPc HTL have less charge carrier recombination rate at the interfaces. However, a poor photovoltaic performance of the Spiro-OMeTAD HTL-based PSC was observed, mainly due to its low thermal stability. On the contrary, the CuPc-based PSCs demonstrate the better performance and less hysteresis behavior.
Notably, the PSCs were prepared in the air ambient at high relative humidity (50-55%). The developed green chemical and environmental friendly process for PSC manufacturing is expected to be commercialized feasibly especially in promising applications of using the layer-by-layer coating on any sunlight access surfaces such as roofs, walls, and windows as well as flexible substrates, which may make the new photovoltaic technology affordable and sustainable.

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