| 研究生: |
金京財 Kim, Gyong-Jae |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
春秋時期會盟邦交研究 The Diplomatic Relationship of Alliance in Spring and Autumn Period |
| 指導教授: |
王健文
Wang, Chien-Wen |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
文學院 - 歷史學系 Department of History |
| 論文出版年: | 2019 |
| 畢業學年度: | 107 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 161 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 春秋時期 、盟主 、諸侯 、會盟邦交 、威脅 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Spring and Autumn period, Overlord, Feudalist, Alliance Relationship, Threat |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:148 下載:3 |
| 分享至: |
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春秋時期會盟邦交研究
摘要
本篇論文以會盟機制觀看盟主與諸侯之間的關係。會盟機制作為媒介,作用於盟主與諸侯之間的邦交關係。盟主與諸侯透過會盟機制規定兩者之間的義務與權力,一旦兩者之間的義務與權力失去均衡時,兩者展開複雜的現實邦交關係。
本文認為,周王室軍事實力的削弱亦是周王室的衰微的重要因素,因為周天下構建時,周王室以強大的軍事實力作為後盾,在被征服的領地建立新政權。盟主代周王室問政於中原時,盟主應具備「尊王」、「攘夷」、「强軍」因素, 其三個因素,有時同時出現在盟主身上,有時候某些因素更突出於霸主身上,其三個因素的流動性形成不同的春秋政治秩序或邦交結構。
會盟機制扮演者重要角色,其原因在於會盟本身的宗教性質以及後來發展出來的政治性質。會盟機制的組成因素是「神」、「血」、「盟」、「誓」、「詛」、「載書」,其六個因素決定會盟制度的重要性。
會盟機制作為媒介,盟主與諸侯透過會盟和平性質欲消除眼前的「威脅」。其「威脅」因素形成盟主與諸侯之間的複雜的利害關係。
本篇論文的學術意義,史料本身反映著當時社會的理想政治層面,從而建構「善」與「惡」兩面性的道德邦交模式。本篇論文試著研究出春秋時期盟主與諸侯之間的理想與現實邦交的距離,並探討出春秋現實會盟邦交模式。
The Diplomatic Relationship of Alliance
in Spring and Autumn Period
Author: Kim GyongJae
Advisor: Wang ChienWen
Department of History, National Cheng Kung University
Summary
The thesis focus on the alliance relationship between overlord(盟主)andfeudalist(諸侯)through the Alliance System in Spring and Autumn period, which system as a medium to promote the alliance relationship betweenoverlord and feudalist. By the Alliance System, both sides establish the obligation and authority, if between the obligation and authority elements are out of balance, the realistic diplomatic relationship would be established between overlord and feudalist.
Because of the religious and political nature of the Alliance System itself,the Alliance System as a medium plays important role in an alliance relationship between overlord and feudalist. The importance of alliance depends on six elements with God(神), Blood(血), Sacrifice(盟), Oath(誓), Curse(詛), Alliance Contract(載書). The six elements have afunction to eliminate or minimize the “Threat” what the overlord and feudalist confronted. The “Threat” elements faced by the overlord and feudalist are different.
The academic significance of this paper is trying to research the distance between ideal and reality diplomatic relationship by the Alliance System, and research the model of realistic alliance relationship.
Keywords; Spring and Autumn period, Overlord, Feudalist, Alliance Relationship, Threat.
Introduction
In Spring and Autumn period, the alliance meeting is held more than two hundred times which alludes that Alliance System is an important institution to promote the diplomatic relationship between overlord and feudalist. The Alliance System was emerged from the end of the Chinese primitive society, and developed in Xia(夏), Shang(商), Zhou(周), and flourished in Spring and Autumn period. At that time, the overlord ship is determined in alliance meeting that means the Alliance System is a medium between overlord and feudalist. Before looking at the alliance relationship between both sides, we should understand the reason of the overlord`s emergence and historical background.
In western Zhou(西周), the main political system between the Zhou king and feudalist is Feudal(封建制) and Patriarchal(宗法制) system, and the two main systems are basis of the military power of the Zhou royal family, because of the decline of military power the Feudal and Patriarchal system were not operated very well by the Zhou king. The powerful feudalists take over the status of Zhou king gradually, and the Alliance System is a tool to help overlord have power to preside over the political structure of Central Plain By the Alliance System, both sides establish the obligation and authority, if between the obligation and authority elements are out of balance, the realistic diplomatic relationship would be established between overlord and feudalist. Obligation and authority are important elements to look at the alliance relationship between both sides. The powerful overlord wants to strengthen the authority to control feudalists, and the weak feudalist wants to strengthen their authority to get protection from overlord, but overlord and feudalist do not want to keep obligation to each other that means there is distance between ideal and realistic alliance relationship. The historical material accentuates the aspect of ideal relationship by criticizing the non-ideal relationship, but this paper tries to research the realistic relationship between both sides from historical material.
But, there is question about why the diplomatic relationship between overlord and feudalist must be established by the Alliance System? The reason is related to the characteristic of Alliance System that has function to eliminate or minimize the “Threat” what overlord and feudalist confronted. Ultimately, after “Armistice Alliance”(弭兵會盟)meeting end the Alliance System gradually and enter the new political system.
Materials and Methods
The Spring and Autumn diplomatic relationship is a popular theme among scholars and established three different theories about that. First theory is presented by the Xu JieLing(徐傑令)who focus on the diplomatic system in Spring and Autumn period and does not mix the concept of modern diplomacy that in order to protect the original diplomatic system of this period. Second theory is presented by Hong JunPei(洪鈞培)who argues that the Spring and Autumn political system is very similar to modern political system, and compared the diplomatic system between Spring and Autumn and modern period. Third theory is presented by Liu BoJi(劉伯驥)who emphasizes on the active diplomatic relationship of alliance that helpful for understanding the realistic alliance relationship between overlord and feudalist. In addition, Stephen M. Walt proposes “balance-of-threat” theory that regardless of whether a strong or weak country is aligned, it is mainly to balance the "threat". Research method is basis of historical materials to try to establish model of alliance relationship in Spring and Autumn period by different perspective.
Results and Discussion
This paper concentrates on the realistic alliance relationship between overlord and feudalistic, and found that overlord and feudalist have space to make a choice their preferable alliance partner, especially, feudalist also has limited space to choose their own overlord that diplomatic space make alliance relationship to be more complicated. There is a reason why they choose their own preferable alliance partner that they confronted threat from uncertain object, therefore, they try to eliminate or minimize the threat by the Alliance System. Alliance System not only has function to eliminate the threat but also has function to increase diplomatic confusion between overlord and feudalist that means it has peace and short-term nature. But there is also to have exception is Alliance System has long-term nature by observing the example of “Armistice Alliance”(弭兵會盟), which meeting keeps peace for forty years at least. So, Alliance System itself has peaceful nature, and the long-term and short-term nature is determined by the international diplomatic environment.
This paper is consists of five parts. First part is to describe the historical background of politic transition in western and eastern Zhou period. Second part is to observe Alliance System. Third part is to research the realistic alliance relationship by the Alliance System and try to build model of diplomatic relationship in Spring and Autumn period. Forth part is to find out the intention why both sides establish diplomatic relationship must utilize the Alliance System. Fifth part is to discuss the significance of “Armistice Alliance”(弭兵會盟).
Conclusion
This paper brings out more comprehensive realistic alliance relationship by the Alliance System. The overlord and feudalist have space to choose their own preferable alliance partner and that alliance relationship is for eliminating or minimizing the “threat”. The academic significance of this paper is trying to research the distance between ideal and reality diplomatic relationship by the Alliance System, and research the model of realistic alliance relationship.
徵引書目
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劉紅偉,〈王、霸的時序性:試析由王道想霸道轉變的原因〉,《管子學刊》,第1期(2004),頁24-28。
四、學位論文
李建新,〈周代盟誓研究〉,鄭州:河南大學歷史所碩士論文,2008。
莊媛,〈先秦盟誓辭禮探究〉,杭州:浙江大學中國古典文獻學碩士論文,2015。
葉重陽,〈周代行人及其出行研究〉,錦州:渤海大學政治與歷史學院碩士論文,2013。
馮盛國,〈兩周時期華夷關係研究〉,陝西:陝西師範大學博士學位論文,2014 。
校內:立即公開