近年來因全球氣候劇烈變遷，聯合國大力提倡永續發展目標(SDGs)，研發可回收再利用的建築材料已成為當務之急。本研究選擇可回收再生的瓦楞紙板與紙纖維棉作為吸音體開發之實驗材料，以取代傳統不可再生資源的建築材料，減少一次性廢棄物產生。
室內聲學設計一直頗關注的重點聲學參數為迴響時間，過長的迴響時間會影響語言清晰度（C₅₀）或音樂清晰度（C₈₀），造成空間使用者不舒適。改善室內空間聲學問題的方法最好在早期設計階段就納入考量；若是改善舊有建築的話，減少室容積或增加吸音材料是主要的做法。然而歷史空間更是無法進行外觀上的裝修，如果直接在空間中處理聲學問題，傳統吸音改善手段會佔用大量的空間及成本，因此使用精準的電腦軟體模擬介入設計會經濟許多，同時也能評估可自由移動之新型「可變迴響吸音體」改善迴響時間過長與環境噪音問題的設計策略。
研究將分為兩個主要階段，分別為「吸音體開發」與「實場驗證與模擬」。第一階段之「吸音體開發」於國立成功大學建築音響實驗室之迴響室（Reverberation Room）進行試體開發實驗，實驗方法為CNS 9056，評定方法為CNS 15218。為了瞭解試體構造的吸音性能，先分別測試不同密度、穿孔率或是空氣層厚度的瓦楞紙板與紙纖維棉，再取性能最佳的材料參數組合成複層式的吸音體構造進行優化。第二階段之「實場驗證與模擬」前期將利用校園內的歷史古蹟—工設系大成館之二樓大型教學空間進行聲學實測，分析其空間聲學性能與問題。完成空間性能評估後，導入活動式吸音體實測並以聲學模擬軟體分析。最終依照數據分析及比對結果擬定改善策略探討其性能差異。
本研究研究結果顯示，瓦楞紙箱材料為低頻帶吸音體，於125 ~ 160 Hz有明顯的吸音峰值（αw > 0.80），紙纖維棉之實驗結果其吸音係數曲線近似多孔質材料，具備高頻吸音能力。將均值穿孔之瓦愣紙箱、紙纖維棉與空氣層搭配，其性能可媲美傳統吸音材料之高吸音表現，降噪係數NRC皆在0.7以上，其中更有五種組合達0.95以上。加權吸音係數αw介於約0.55 ~ 0.95，其中穿孔率為15 %和20 %之試體搭配96 K紙纖維棉與空氣層之組合達臺灣高性能防音綠建材評定標準（αw = 0.80）。最終將紙製吸音試體置入大型教學空間既國定古蹟中，進行裝設前後之模擬及實測，裝設總表面積約介於14 ~ 27 m²之間。各頻帶數據分析以RT₂₅₀ Hz 的改善效果最佳，迴響時間T₃₀由1.54秒降至1.41 ~ 1.42秒，相當於等價吸音面積20.5 ~ 22.4 m²。實場驗證與模擬之數據顯示吸音體使空間之語音清晰度C₅₀及語言清晰度指標STI達到更好的等級，達到改善空間迴響時間過長與環境噪音問題。
本研究目的在開發高性能表現、材料永續循環且容易搬運之「可變迴響紙製吸音體」。實驗試體能為大型多功能空間及歷史空間提出改善聲學策略，使空間之迴響時間和語音清晰指標能因應各類型活動的要求，達到適合演講、會議、工作坊、展覽…等用途，也為建築聲學材料在氣候劇烈變遷下提供新的環保選擇。

In recent years, due to the extreme climate change the United Nations has advocated the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); therefore, to ensure the recycling of resources as a sustainable future for the planet is increasingly required. Meanwhile, the development of sustainable materials for acoustics has become imperative. In this study, the experimental material of sound-absorbing devices was made of recyclable corrugated cardboard. It is not only to develop high-quality sound-absorbers with comparable performance to traditional building acoustic materials but also to replace traditional non-renewable acoustic materials in order to reduce construction waste.
In this research, corrugated cardboard and paper cellulose are tested according to ISO 354 in the reverberation chamber. The thickness and density of the paper cellulose, and the combination of the multi-layer are discussed in the study. The research results show that the paper cellulose with 2.5cm thickness and the density of 96k at 500-5000 Hz can reach to 0.8, and corrugated cardboard absorption with 40cm total thickness at 160 Hz can reach to 0.85. The further test combined corrugated cardboard and paper cellulose, the sound absorbing properties of the multi-layer paper absorption with 15% perforation can reach up to αw = 0.9 and 20% perforation is 0.05 better. (αw = 0.95)
After testing the paper-made sound absorber in the NCKU Architectural Acoustics Laboratory, the next stage of experiments involved on-site validation at the Da Cheng Building and simulations using the Odeon software. In the original space, without any test objects, the reverberation time at 500 Hz was 1.58 seconds. After placing 8 acoustic absorbers, it decreased to 1.50 ~ 1.52 seconds, corresponding to an equivalent absorption area of 9.3 ~ 12.6 m². The Odeon software simulation results included fitting the acoustic parameters from the field measurements. The JNDs (Just Noticeable Difference) at 500 Hz ranged between -0.4 and 0.0, representing the replicability of the simulation software.

(一)中文文獻
1.CNS 15218（2016）：聲學 - 建築物使用之吸音材 - 吸音量評定。臺北市：經濟部標準檢驗局。
2.CNS 9056（2014）：聲學 - 迴響室之吸音量測。臺北市：經濟部標準檢驗局。
3.林芳銘，陳振誠，蔡耀賢（2019）。綠建材解說與評估手冊。新北市：內政部建研所。
4.林睿言（2021）。金屬擴張網應用於室內吸音建材之產品開發。﹝博士論文。國立成功大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/8rx797。
5.陳啟中（2020）。建築物理概論（第4版）。詹氏書局。
6.盧博堅，劉嘉俊（2011）。噪音控制與防制。台中市：滄海書局。
7.鍾祥璋（2012）。建築吸音材料與隔聲材料。北京市：化學工業出版社。
(二)英文文獻
1.Acoustics — Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room. (2003). In (pp. 21). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO.
2.DIN 18041 - Acoustic quality in rooms - Specifications and instructions for the room acoustic design. (2016). In (pp. 45): EASE Software.
3.Alice Elizabeth, G. (2019). How Do Acoustic Materials Work? In F. Zine El Abiddine & O. Erick (Eds.), Acoustics of Materials (pp. Ch. 1). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82380
4.American Society of Heating, R., & Air-Conditioning, E. (1973). ASHRAE standard : standards for natural and mechanical ventilation. New York : The Society, [1973] ©1973. https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999821325502121
5.António, J. (2011). 11 - Acoustic behaviour of fibrous materials. In R. Fangueiro (Ed.), Fibrous and Composite Materials for Civil Engineering Applications (pp. 306-324). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095583.3.306
6.Arenas, J. P., & Asdrubali, F. (2019). Eco-materials with noise reduction properties. In Handbook of Ecomaterials (Vol. 5, pp. 3031-3056). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_137
7.Arenas, J. P., & Crocker, M. J. (2010). Recent trends in porous sound-absorbing materials. Sound & vibration, 44(7), 12-18.
8.Arenas, J. P., Rebolledo, J., Rey Tormos, R. M. d., & Alba Fernández, J. (2014). Sound absorption properties of unbleached cellulose loose-fill insulation material. BioResources, 9(4), 6227-6240.
9.Arenas, J. P., & Sakagami, K. (2020). Sustainable Acoustic Materials. Sustainability, 12(16), 6540. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/16/6540
10.Asdrubali, F., Schiavoni, S., & Horoshenkov, K. (2012). A review of sustainable materials for acoustic applications. Building Acoustics, 19(4), 283-311.
11.Bagheri, S., Jafari Nodoushan, R., & Azimzadeh, M. (2023). Sound absorption performance of tea waste reinforced polypropylene and nanoclay biocomposites. Polymer Bulletin, 80(5), 5203-5218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04295-y
12.Buratti, C., Belloni, E., Lascaro, E., Merli, F., & Ricciardi, P. (2018). Rice husk panels for building applications: Thermal, acoustic and environmental characterization and comparison with other innovative recycled waste materials. Construction and Building Materials, 171, 338-349. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.089
13.Cuiyun, D., Guang, C., Xinbang, X., & Peisheng, L. (2012). Sound absorption characteristics of a high-temperature sintering porous ceramic material. Applied Acoustics, 73(9), 865-871. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2012.01.004
14.Eberhardt, L. C. M., Birgisdottir, H., & Birkved, M. (2019). Potential of Circular Economy in Sustainable Buildings. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 471(9), 092051. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/471/9/092051
15.Ersoy, S., & Küçük, H. (2009). Investigation of industrial tea-leaf-fibre waste material for its sound absorption properties. Applied Acoustics, 70(1), 215-220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2007.12.005
16.Gade, A. (2007). Acoustics in Halls for Speech and Music. Springer Handbook of Acoustics, ISBN 978-0-387-30446-5. Springer-Verlag New York, 2007, p. 301, -1, 301. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30425-0_9
17.Grimmer, A. E., Hensley, J. E., Petrella, L., & Tepper, A. T. (2011). The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation & Illustrated Guidelines on Sustainability for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service.
18.Hák, T., Janoušková, S., & Moldan, B. (2016). Sustainable Development Goals: A need for relevant indicators. Ecological indicators, 60, 565-573.
19.ISO 354 (2003). Acoustics- Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room.
20.Liuzzi, S., Rubino, C., Martellotta, F., & Stefanizzi, P. (2023). Sustainable Materials from Waste Paper: Thermal and Acoustical Characterization. Applied Sciences, 13(8), 4710. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/4710
21.Mehrzad, S., Taban, E., Soltani, P., Samaei, S. E., & Khavanin, A. (2022). Sugarcane bagasse waste fibers as novel thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials for application in sustainable buildings. Building and Environment, 211, 108753. https://doi.org/ARTN 10875310.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108753
22.Muchlisinalahuddin, Dahlan, H., Mahardika, M., & Rusli, M. (2023). Cellulose-based Material for Sound Absorption And Its Application – A Short Review. BIO Web of Conferences, 77. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237701003
23.Neithalath, N., Weiss, J., & Olek, J. (2004). Acoustic performance and damping behavior of cellulose–cement composites. Cement and Concrete Composites, 26(4), 359-370. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00020-9
24.Normalización, O. I. d. (2009). ISO 3382-1: Acoustics - Measurement of Room Acoustic Parameters. Part 1 : Performance Rooms. ISO. https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Y2jJjgEACAAJ
25.Organization, W. H. (2015). Health in 2015: From MDGs to SDGs. (978 92 4 156511 0). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565110
26.Putra, A., Or, K. H., Selamat, M. Z., Nor, M. J. M., Hassan, M. H., & Prasetiyo, I. (2018). Sound absorption of extracted pineapple-leaf fibres. Applied Acoustics, 136, 9-15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2018.01.029
27.Rieckmann, M. (2017). Education for sustainable development goals: Learning objectives. UNESCO publishing.
28.Ruello, J. L. A., Pornea, A. G. M., Puguan, J. M. C., & Kim, H. (2022). Excellent Wideband Acoustic Absorption of a Multifunctional Composite Fibrous Panel with a Dual-Pore Network from Milled Corrugated Box Wastes. ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 4(1), 654-662. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c01467
29.Sakagami, K., & Okuzono, T. (2020). Some considerations on the use of space sound absorbers with next-generation materials reflecting COVID situations in Japan: additional sound absorption for post-pandemic challenges in indoor acoustic environments. UCL Open: Environment, 2020(1), 1-10.
30.Sanchis, E. J., Alcaraz, J. S., Belda, I. M., & Borrell, J. M. G. (2022). Sustainable multiple resonator sound absorbers made from fruit stones and air gap. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(12), 10219-10231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2022.03.063
31.Secchi, S., Asdrubali, F., Cellai, G., Nannipieri, E., Rotili, A., & Vannucchi, I. (2016). Experimental and environmental analysis of new sound-absorbing and insulating elements in recycled cardboard. Journal of Building Engineering, 5, 1-12.
32.Secchi, S., Vannucchi, I., Farotto, E., Nannipieri, E., Cellai, G., & Stoppioni, E. (2012). Ideazione e definizione di soluzioni a base cellulosica per l’isolamento acustico ed il fonoassorbimento negli edifici. proceedings of Italian Association of Acoustics.
33.Smardzewski, J., Kamisiński, T., Dziurka, D., Mirski, R., Majewski, A., Flach, A., & Pilch, A. (2015). Sound absorption of wood-based materials. Holzforschung, 69, 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2014-0114
34.Yeon, J.-O., Kim, K.-W., Yang, K.-S., Kim, J.-M., & Kim, M.-J. (2014). Physical properties of cellulose sound absorbers produced using recycled paper. Construction and Building Materials, 70, 494-500.
35.Yu, Q. C., & Englert, M. (2013). Ceiling panels made from corrugated cardboard. In: Google Patents.