本研究在於瞭解瀝青在整個使用過程中包括拌合、運送、鋪築等階段，多環芳香烴化合物（Polycylclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons﹐以下簡稱PAHs）之逸散情形及勞工暴露程度。整體研究包括實驗室之試驗和現場勞工暴露調查等兩大部分。在實驗室試驗部分，本研究分別針對瀝青及再生瀝青兩種混凝土模擬瀝青整個使用過程進行加熱拌合，並以37mm玻離纖維濾紙採樣匣串連XAD-2樹脂分別對四個使用階段（瀝青加熱、拌合、運送、鋪築）所逸散之PAHs進行連續採樣及分析。研究結果顯示，四個階段之PAHs排放係數分別約為0.76、2.55、0.27、0.04，因此可知以第二階段之逸散為最主要之逸散源。
在道路鋪面勞工PAHs實際暴露評估方面，本研究針對四個相似暴露族群，共計28名勞工實施個人PAHs呼吸及皮膚暴露採樣、生物偵測與氣膠粒徑分佈採樣，結果發現四個相似暴露族群勞工所暴露到的總PAHs平均濃度分別為，鋪裝機駕駛：2438.49 ng/m3、鋪面勞工：2337.74 ng/m3、鐵輪駕駛：2684.55 ng/m3、膠輪駕駛：2334.66 ng/m3。本研究發現這四區勞工所暴露之PAHs以氣相為主要的暴露源及二、三環之低分子量PAHs為主，並發現其致肺癌與皮膚癌風險分別介於3.81×10-4～1.79×10-3及0.07×10-6～4.22×10-5之間，因此針對道路鋪面勞工之保護宜由呼吸暴露之防範為優先進行，另外整個作業環境之主要懸浮微粒是以小粒徑為主，同時也發現勞工之頭區、胸腔區及肺泡區PAHs之暴露比例約為1：1：3。在環境偵測與生物偵測方面，經由多變相線性回歸發現結合PAHs之氣固相呼吸道暴露與皮膚量，可有效解釋勞工工作週結束後尿中1-hydroxypyrene含量之變異89%，1-hydroxypyrene此生物指標亦可有效來評估道路鋪面勞工暴露PAHs之情形。

This study was set out to assess both the emissions of and workers’ exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) resulting from the heating, mixing, transportation, and paving processes in the asphalt industries via both the laboratory and field sampling approaches.
In the laboratory, both fresh and recycled asphalt were tested in a pilot facility to simulate the whole industrial process. PAH emissions from the above four industrial processes (i.e., heating, mixing, transportation, and paving) were sampled using a sampling train consisting a 37-mm filter cassette, followed by a XAD-2 sorbent tube. Results show that the emission factors for the above processes were 0.76, 2.55, 0.27, and 0.04 ng/kg·asphalt cement, respectively, indicating that the mixing stage was the most contributor for the asphalt process.
The field study was conducted on paving workers. A total of 28 workers were selected from four similar exposure groups (SEGs), including the paving machine operators, screedmen, iron roller drivers, and rubber roller drivers. Thorough PAH exposure assessments were conducted on each selected worker, including personal inhalable sampling, dermal exposure, biological monitoring, and particle size segregating sampling. Results show that total-PAH exposure levels for the four SEGs were 2438.49, 2337.74, 2684.55, and 2334.66 ng/m3, respectively. The gas- and particle-phase PAHs accounted respectively for A~B% and C~D% of total inhalatory PAH exposures for these four SEGs. The ratio of particle-phase PAHs deposited on the head, thoracic, alveolar regions was found as 1 : 1 : 3, indicating that particle-phase PAHs were dominated by the fine fraction. The estimated lung cancer and skin cancer risks for all paving workers were 3.81x10-4 ~1.79x10-3 and 0.07x10-6 ~4.22x10-5, respectively, indicating the preventing strategy should be focused on inhalatory exposures, rather than on the dermal exposures. By conducting multivariate linear regression analyses, this study found that the combination of both inhalatory and dermal exposures would be able to explain the variations of workers’ uninary 1-hydroxylpyrene (1-OHP) levels (collected at the end of workweek) up to 89%. The above result clearly indicates that 1-OHP was a useful biomarker for assessing workers’ PAH exposure levels for paving workers.

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