重金屬廣泛存在於自然界中，由於其具有難以降解及生物累積之特性，因此重金屬容易隨著食物鏈累積於人體當中，進而引起健康危害。過去研究發現暴露重金屬於內分泌系統、神經系統、免疫系統、心血管系統以及泌尿生殖等系統皆可能造成危害。此外，孕齡婦女為重金屬暴露之敏感族群，過去針對孕齡婦女暴露重金屬的研究發現，重金屬可能會提高孕齡婦女自然流產、早產、死產、新生兒死亡以及新生兒體重下降的情況發生，因此對於孕齡婦女體內重金屬濃度的監測備受關注。因此，本研究之目的為探討台灣孕齡婦女體內重金屬濃度之現況以及探討孕齡婦女體內重金屬濃度之影響因子，尤其是飲食習慣與重金屬濃度之關係。
本研究之研究對象為敏感族群之環境健康影響研究中所招募之849位台灣20至49歲婦女。抽樣方式採區域抽樣，根據台灣行政區域劃分成北、中、南、東等四個區域，並根據每個區域佔總人口之比例進行樣本數之估計。血液重金屬濃度(包括砷、鎘、汞、鉛、鉻)以感應耦合電漿質譜儀進行分析，問卷內容包含：個人基本資料、居家環境、生活習慣、飲食頻率以及個人疾病史等。
在837名婦女的血液樣本中，其砷濃度之幾何平均值(geometric mean, GM)為9.20 µg/L，幾何標準差(geometric standard deviation, GSD)為1.35 µg/L；鎘濃度之GM為2.14 µg/L（GSD=1.44 µg/L）；汞濃度之GM為3.77 µg/L（GSD=1.84 µg/L）；鉻濃度之GM為1.06 µg/L（GSD=1.32 µg/L）；鉛濃度之GM為0.75 µg/dL（GSD=1.67 µg/L）。
與國際文獻相比，本研究中多數重金屬有略高之情形，包括砷、鎘。研究結果顯示，影響重金屬濃度之因子包含住家環境、生活習慣及飲食習慣等。在住家環境及生活習慣方面，結果顯示五項金屬皆會受到區域之影響，此外，教育程度及年齡等因子也會分別影響到鎘、汞、鉛等三項重金屬濃度。其中，鎘濃度會受到吸菸及暴露二手菸的影響，而汞濃度會受到薰香或蚊香影響。
飲食習慣為人類暴露重金屬之重要途徑之一，本研究結果發現，砷主要與五榖米、蝦蟹貝類之食用習慣有關；鎘與飲食間則較無關聯；汞的部分，除了與海鮮類（大型魚類、淡水魚類、頭足類）有關之外，其濃度也會受到豬肉及內臟類食物之食用習慣影響；鉛濃度在本研究中僅與中藥的食用有關。
孕齡婦女為中金屬暴露之敏感族群，其可能藉由住家環境、生活習慣及飲食習慣等方式暴露於重金屬之中，因此未來仍需持續關注以確保孕齡婦女之健康。

The issue that women in childbearing age exposed to toxic trace elements may need more attention due to their toxicity effects. The aim of the study is to investigate the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) in blood of Taiwanese childbearing age women, and further to investigate the relationship between their dietary pattern and concentration of heavy metals. Blood samples were measured by ICP-MS. By comparing these five heavy metals level with other studies, the concentration in our study were slightly higher than others. We also found out that heavy metals level were affected by home environment, living habits and dietary patterns. In the future, to avoid women in childbearing age exposing to high level toxic trace elements, health education is a good way helping them to extend their knowledge and have more abilities to protect themselves.

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