本論文研究粒狀土壤兩種特別性質，當分析土壤的極限狀態時，土壤剪脹行為就變得十分重要，但是，過去鮮少對粒狀土壤剪脹行為有所研究，尤其在低圍壓的狀態下，非常值得深入分析與探討。因此，本研究擬取不同地區的粒狀土壤，藉由三軸試驗結果分析粒狀土壤在低圍壓的狀態下剪脹行為，結果指出實際剪脹角較文獻為高，並利用有限差分法的數值分析軟體預測土壤之應力-應變關係，而數值分析的結果指出輸入實際剪脹角明顯改善應力-應變關係預測。此外，本論文也研究土壤膠結性，此研究將經由完整的靜、動態三軸試驗來分析添加爐石水泥與卜特蘭水泥的改良土，結果指出當水泥含量增加，極限強度與初始勁度均增加，膠結土壤需較多反覆應力載重數才能達到初始液化，此外在不同圍壓下，膠結性增加剪力模數及降低阻尼比，由實驗結果指出爐石水泥與卜特蘭水泥的表現相當。

Two special properties of granular soils are investigated in this study. Dilative behavior of soil has been found. It is very important when analyzing critical or ultimate states of granular soils. However, a lack of this type report has been reported to identify the dilative behavior of granular soils, especially at low confining pressure. In an effort to study the dilative behavior of granular soils, this study performed numbers of triaxial tests on various types of granular soils. Test results indicated that dilation angles were much higher than those suggested by previous literatures. In addition to the laboratory work, this study also verified the test results using numerical analysis based on a finite difference computer program. Results of the numerical analysis showed that predictions of stress-strain relationships of granular soils were obviously improved when actual dilation angles were applied. Besides, the behavior for the artificially cemented granular soils is also investigated in this paper. Blast furnace slag cement is used in the test and compared with ordinary Portland cement. As the cement content increases, both peak strength and initial stiffness increase. Besides, cemented soils are required significantly a larger number of cycles to cause initial liquefaction and 5 % to 10 % shearing strain cyclic mobility under cyclic loading condition and for a given cyclic stress ratio. Cementation increases the shear modulus and decreases damping ratio of sand under high strain amplitudes in a variety of confining pressures. The performances of blast furnace slag cement are regarded as well as ordinary Portland cement.

Acar, Y. B., and El-tahir, A., E., “Low Strain Dynamic Properties of Artifically Cemented Sand,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 112, No. 11, pp. 1001-1015, (1986).
Atkinson, J. H., An Introduction to the Mechanics of Soils and Foundations, McGraw-Hill, (1993).
Baig, S., Picornell, M., and Nazarian, S., “Low Strain Shear Moduli of Cemented Sands,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 123, No. 6, pp. 540-545, (1997).
Barden, L., Ismail, H., and Tong, P., “Plane Strain Deformation of Granular Material at Low and High Pressure,” Geotechnique, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 441-452, (1969).
Been, K., Jefferies, M. G., and Hachey, J., “The Critical State of Sands,” Geotechnique, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 365-381, (1991).
Bolton, M. D., “The Strength and Dilatancy of Sands,” Geotechnique, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 65-78, (1986).
Burgess, G. P.,. “Two Full-Scale Model Geosynthetic-Reinforced Segmental Retaining Walls,” M. S. Dissertation, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, (1999).
Castro, G., “Liquefaction of Sand,” Ph. D. thesis, Division of Engineering and Applied Physics, Harvard University, Boston, (1969).
Castro, G., “Liquefaction and Cyclic Mobility of Saturated Sand,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 101, No. GT6, pp. 551-569, (1975).
Chan, C. K., “An Electropneumatic Cyclic Loading System,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 183-187, (1981).
Chang, T. S., Woods, R. D., and Li, N. H., “Preparation of Grounted Sand Specimens for Dynamic Testing,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 235-242, (1990).
Clough, G. W., Sitar, N., Bachus, R. C., and Rad, N. S., “Cemented Sands under Static Loading,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. GT6, pp. 799-817, (1981).
Clough, G. W., Iwabuchi, J., Rad, N. S., and Kuppusamy, T., “Influence of Cementation on Liquefaction of Sands,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering , ASCE, Vol. 115, No. 8, pp. 1102-1117, (1989).
Dupas, J. M., and Pecker, A., “Static and Dynamic Properties of Sand-Cement,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. GT3, pp. 419-436, (1979).
Gibbs, H. J., and Holtz, W. G., “Research on Determining the Density of Sands by Spoon Penetration Testing,” Proceedings, 4th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 35-39, (1957).
Hird, C. C., and Hassona, F. A. K., “Some Factors Affecting the Liquefaction and Flow of Saturated Sands in Laboratory Tests,” Engineering Geology, Vol. 28, pp. 149-170, (1990).
Huang, J. T., and Airey, D. W., “Properties of Artificially Cemented Carbonate Sand,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 124, No. 6, pp. 492-499, (1998).
Hughes, J. M. O., Wroth, C. P., and Windle, D., “Pressuremeter Tests in Sands,” Geotechnique, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 455-477, (1977).
Juran, I., and Riccobono, O., “Reinforcing Soft Soils with Artificially Cemented Compacted-Sand Columns,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering , ASCE, Vol. 117, No. 7, pp. 1042-1060, (1991).
Lade, P. V., and Overton, D. D., “Cementation Effects in Frictional Materials,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 115, No. GT10, pp. 1373-1387, (1989).
Lee, W. F., “Internal Stability Analyses of Geosynthetic Reinforced Retaining Walls,” Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, (2000).
Leroueil, S., and Vaughan, P. R., “The General and Congruent Effects of Structure in Natural Soils and Weak Rocks,” Geotechnique, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 467-488, (1990).
Li, X. S., Chan, C. K., and Shen, C. K., “An Automated Triaxial Testing System,” Advanced Triaxial Testing of soil and Rock, ASTM STP 977, pp. 95-106, (1988).
Marcuson, W. F., III, “Definition of terms related to Liquefaction,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. GT9, pp. 1197-1200, (1978).
Mulilis, J. P., Seed, H. B., Chan, C. K., and Mitchell, J. K., “Effects of Sample Preparation on Sand Liquefaction,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. GT2, pp. 91-108, (1977).
O’Rourke, T. D., and Crespo, E., “Geotechnical Properties of Cemented Volcanic Soil,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 114, No. 10, pp. 1126-1147, (1988).
Poulos, S. J., Castso, G, and France, J. W., “Closure to Discussion: Liquefaction Evaluation Procedure,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 114, No. 2, pp. 251-259, (1988).
Saxena, S. K., Reddy, K. R. and Avramidis, A. S., “Liquefaction Resistance of Artificially Cemented Sand,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 114, No. 12, pp. 1395-1413, (1988).
Schnaid, F., Prietto, P. D. M., and Consoli, N. C., “Characterization of Cemented Sand in Triaxial Compression,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 127, No. 10, pp. 857-868, (2001).
Seed, H. B., Mori, K., and Chan, C. K., “Influence of Seismic History on the Liquefaction Characteristics of Sands,” Report No. EERC 75-25, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, California, (1975).
Tatsuoka, F (1987). Discussion closure of “The Strength and Dilatancy of Sands,” Geotechnique, Vol 37, No 1, pp 219-226.
Vaid, Y. P., Byrne, P. M., and Hughes, J. M. O., “Dilation Angle and Liquefaction Potential,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. GT7, pp. 1003-1008, (1981).
Vatsala, A., Nova, R., and Srinivasa Murthy, B. R., “Elastoplastic Model for Cemented Soils,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 127, No. 8, pp. 679-687, (2001).
Vermeer, P. A., and de Borst, R., “Non-Associated Plasticity for Soils, Concrete and Rock,” Heron, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 1-64 (1984).
Wood, D. M., Soil Behaviour and Critical State Soil Mechanics, Cambridge University, (1992).