| 研究生: |
陳建銘 Chen, Chien-Ming |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
地層下陷模擬程序之建立與應用—以大城鄉西港地區為例 Development of The Procedure for Land Subsidence Simulation and Its Application–A Case Study in SiGan, TaChen Village |
| 指導教授: |
陳景文
Chen, Jing-Wen |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 土木工程學系碩士在職專班 Department of Civil Engineering (on the job class) |
| 論文出版年: | 2005 |
| 畢業學年度: | 93 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 154 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 地層下陷 、土層壓縮 、黏土壓密 、地下水 、數值模擬 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | interbed, subsidence, modflow, consolidation, compact, groundwater |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:118 下載:12 |
| 分享至: |
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台灣地區降雨分佈不均,地面蓄水設施新建又屢遭民意制肘,沿海地區產業多依賴開發成本較低及水質水量較穩定之地下水,超抽地下水引致之地層下陷課題已逐漸成為國內相關重大公共工程或大型開發案所需納入評估之重要項目。專家學者雖持續進行各種地層下陷數值模式之研究發展,然而仍無法提供地層下陷相關決策單位普遍性之應用。
本研究採用美國地質調查局(U.S.G.S)發展、公開,並廣為使用之MODFLOW地下水流數值模式及其附加IBS1模組,透過適當之模式建構方法、詳加檢討模式使用及初始條件、壓密參數之估算方法,並配合近年建置之地層下陷與地下水位分層觀測數據,將模式應用於彰化縣大城鄉西港地區之實例演算中,除成功展現出黏土層壓密延遲效應,且適切反應該地區地層壓縮量變化外,並訂定一個可應用之建模流程。
需輸入之模式參數計有8個,影響地層壓縮量模擬結果者,主要為初始水頭、預壓密水頭、垂直水力傳導係數,及彈性/非彈性儲水係數等4個相互呈現高度非線性關係之黏土層參數。本研究依據歷年產業用水變化,於時間軸上劃分數個地下水利用期,採複線性迴歸等統計方法推估各含水層歷史水位,並利用現地土層物理及壓密試驗數據,計算各參數起始猜測值,該方法經率定後證實可達降低模式參數率定困難度之目的。
最後,依據大城鄉西港地區產業發展及地下水利用特色,參酌主管機關提出之防治措施,本研究分析5種地層下陷情境案例對該地區地層下陷發展之影響。分析結果顯示,未來10年內地下水位若持續下降,該地區地層下陷現象可能進入第二波嚴重期;即使該地區地下水位皆不再下降,民國92年至102年間尚有約達0.65m之壓縮潛勢;為有效防止大城鄉西港地區地層壓縮情況加劇,防止第3含水層水位持續洩降,進而促使其回昇應為該地區之防治工作首務。
In Taiwan, spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is not uniform. Building new reservoirs usually face the people’s objections. Due to its relatively low development cost, groundwater has been the main source of water supply for most aquacultural and coastal industries. Land-subsidence due to the groundwater overdraft has become the evaluation index for important public works or large development cases. Many researchers keep on developing the models for land-subsidence simulation. However, the models cannot provide suitable information for decision-making on land-subsidence prevention and reclamation.
In this study, the integrated numerical groundwater and land-subsidence model, i.e., MODFLOW developed by USGS and its modular subroutine (i.e., IBS1), was used to simulate land-subsidence. For establishing an applicable process to construct land-subsidence models, the study investigated the model in detail, including model construction, initial condition setting, and parameter estimation. The analytical results reveal that the model has a good performance for land-subsidence simulation in the study area by using observed groundwater and compaction data. Moreover, it’s found that the model can appropriately consider the time delay of consolidation and react the compress variety for clay layers.
There are eight model parameters that have to be set in the model, in which four parameters for clay layers, i.e., initial head, pre-consolidation head, vertical hydraulic conductivity, and elastic/inelastic storage coefficient, have high non-linear relationships. This study divided the duration for groundwater utilization into several time periods and then used the multiple regression analysis to estimate groundwater levels for each period. According to the results of soil test in the field and laboratory, the study estimated the initial parameter values of soil layers. The aforementioned method decreased the difficulty of model calibration in the study.
Finally, based on the features of industries and groundwater utilization, and government’s policies, 5 hypothetical scenarios of groundwater withdrawal were adopted to evaluate the effects of land-subsidence. The analytical results reveal: (1) land-subsidence in the region may be more serious, if groundwater levels decline in the next decade; (2) if the groundwater levels keep constant in the next decade, the land- subsidence still increases 0.65 m; and (3) groundwater levels in the 3th aquifer need to keep from descending for preventing the land-subsidence from getting worse.
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