本論文旨在研究華語動詞「花」，以使用模型、框架語意和意象基模為研究的理論基礎，爬梳其語意的歷史演變以及在現代華語中的使用方式。首先，為探求「花」的本義以及最早和「花」搭配的名詞組，我們使用中研院所提供的三個語料庫來蒐集古漢語語料，這三個語料庫分別為「中央研究院上古漢語標記語料庫」、「中央研究院近代漢語標記語料庫」以及「漢籍電子文獻資料庫」，並將這些語料依照年代先後順序編列。接著再使用「中央研究院現代漢語標記語料庫」收集現代華語中「花+名詞」的使用狀況，搭配Bybee（2007）所提出的使用基礎方法（usage-based approach），探討可以和動詞「花」搭配的名詞組，如：金錢或時間，以及該名詞組和「花」組成的「花+名詞」的動詞片語出現的頻率。由這些量化的資料，我們觀察到「花+名詞」的搭配頻率有顯著差異，單一名詞出現頻率較高者，會產生詞彙化（lexicalization）的現象，若某一種類名詞出現頻率高，則基模化（schematization）情況就比較明顯。
在收集古漢語的資料中發現，在漢代時，「花」當動詞解，其語意為「開花」。到了清代，「花」開始和錢搭配，組合成動詞片語，表示花費錢財的意思。到了現代漢語，「花」所搭配的名詞種類可概分為六類：金錢、時間、重複、心、力和其他，而這六大類名詞又可依循語意特徵再分為抽象與具體名詞。根據這六大種類出現的頻率以及其內部所含的名詞組數量，發現金錢是和「花」搭配頻率最高的名詞組。另外，因為其他五大類名詞都是抽象名詞，所以利用概念隱喻方式將表達抽象概念的名詞比喻為具體事物，再和「花」搭配使用。
此外，名詞所具備的運動方式不同，所產生的力量基模（force schema）也會有所差異，故本研究利用Fillmore和Atkins（1992）所提出的框架式語法來探討「花」的動詞語意在搭配不同種類名詞時有何不同。發現若「花」和具體名詞搭配，則「花」可使用動作框架語意來解釋這個動詞片語，此時，「花」作「花費」解。倘若「花」和抽象名詞搭配出現，我們還需考慮不同的關注重點，例如：時間和心強調了名詞運動的起點和終點，因此我們將花解釋為置放。而力這類的名詞著重在使用的起點，所以當動詞「花」搭配力時，此時「花」可解釋為「抽取出」。除了因為名詞不同會造成語意差異，「花」的句型也相當多變化。當「花」再搭配另一動詞組合成「花—動詞」的結果複雜動詞，第二個動詞通常表示其直接賓語的狀態。
本論文由歷史語言學觀點出發探索「花」的語意轉變，到研究現代華語中，當「花」為動詞時，可加上哪些名詞組，而這六大類「花+名詞」以及其語意探討正好可以提供華語學習者更完整且深入的學習有關「花」的語意流變，可搭配「花」的名詞種類，以及當動詞「花」在搭配不同名詞時，所產生的意義改變。同時，也更明白當華語使用者表達「花+名詞」時，華語「花費」認知機制的運作。

The purpose of this study is to examine the historical development of HUA in Ancient Chinese and the distribution of [HUA-Noun] in Modern Chinese by means of the usage-based approach, frame semantics and image schema because of the insufficient information about this verb as provided by the online dictionaries released by the Ministry of Education. The procedure for our data collection is divided into two steps. First, we collect Ancient Chinese data related to HUA from three corpora, including the Academia Sinica Tagged Corpus of Old Chinese, the Academia Sinica Tagged Corpus of Early Mandarin Chinese, as well as the Scripta Sinica. Second, the Modern Chinese data is gathered from the Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus for the purpose of identifying the core and peripheral meanings of HUA when it collocates with different nouns. After acquiring the distribution for [HUA+Noun], we count the token and type frequencies of each nominal category based on Bybee’s (2007) usage-based approach to observe the distinctive differences among the nouns under consideration. The symptoms of lexicalization and schematization are obviously observed in [HUA+Noun money].The findings are presented in two parts. First, the diachronic development of HUA in Ancient Chinese is presented, which involves Old Chinese, Middle Chinese, Early and Modern Chinese, revealing the original and new meanings of HUA. In Old Chinese, HUA ‘to bloom’ serves as a verb. In Early Chinese, HUA extended its meaning from ‘to blossom’ to ‘to spend’. Second, in Modern Chinese, nouns collocated with HUA can be grouped into six categories which are labeled in this paper as Money, Time, Overlapping, Energy, Mental, and Others. The motion frames and senses of HUA are identified according to the semantic features of the six groups of nouns. When the object of HUA is concrete, the theme of the HUA motion frame is visible, and can be moved to one destination by the agent. In this case, HUA means ‘to spend’. If HUA collocates with abstract nouns, the theme departs from the scenario and the ‘Away’ sense is derived. To be more specific, the destination of commercial transaction is decisive for the senses of ‘to put’ and ‘to extract out’. For example, Chinese Time and Mental include a starting point and a destination, so the meaning of HUA is interpreted as ‘to put something on a place’. Chinese speakers consider Energy flows from inside to the outside of the body and we focus on the starting point of the Energy flow, so the meaning of HUA is ‘to extract out’. When Chinese speakers combine HUA with another verb as a resultative verb compound (RVC), the second verb is used to show the resulting state of the direct object.

This thesis delves into the meaning shifts of HUA from a diachronic view and from the nominal collocations of [HUA-Noun] in Modern Chinese. We provide a more complete picture by which Chinese language learners can determine the development of HUA, the rich nominal collocations of HUA, and the multiple meanings of HUA when it combines with different nouns. Meanwhile, a better understanding of the cognitive mechanism of Chinese HUA ‘to spend’ can be acquired.

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