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研究生： 吳世勳
Wu, Shih-Hsun
論文名稱： 新冠肺炎的擬人化象徵：以美國總統拜登的新冠肺炎演講為本之概念性研究
Framing COVID-19 as Human Life: A Conceptual Study of U.S. President Joe Biden's COVID-19 Remarks
指導教授： 謝菁玉
Depner, Shelley Ching-Yu
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 文學院 - 外國語文學系
Department of Foreign Languages and Literature
論文出版年： 2023
畢業學年度： 111
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 332
中文關鍵詞： 拜登總統 、同質概念化映射 、政治隱喻 、人性化 、新冠病毒
外文關鍵詞： Joe Biden, conceptual homogeneous mapping, political metaphor, human life, Coronavirus
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    • 隱喻於政治演講是一個用來表達政治家意志不可或缺的媒介。過去的研究中，新冠病毒在世界各地的總統演講被隱喻為戰爭的象徵。然而，鮮少研究探討新冠病毒的擬人化象徵。本研究透過蒐集第46屆美國總統拜登所發表的新冠病毒為主題的演講，進而分析拜登如何運用概念性特徵以說服美國民眾去遵守官方宣導。我們總共蒐集並分析七十二篇有關於總統拜登的新冠肺炎演講。我們採用了Gibbs (2011) 演講者為主軸的同質概念化映射 (speaker-based conceptual homogeneous mapping facet)、Charteris-Black (2004) 政治隱喻 (political metaphor) 概念、來展示疫情期間下的混和隱喻情境。本研究採用了上述兩種理論以用來分析總統拜登的措辭選擇及隱喻情境。我們試圖探討兩個主要研究問題: (1a) 根據Gibbs (2011) 演講者為主軸的同質概念化映射理論，拜登運用何種形式去概念化新冠病毒? (1b) 拜登最常運用何種概念化特色以架構新冠病毒? (2) 根據Charteris-Black (2004) 政治隱喻，拜登運用何種政治隱喻去安撫人心? 研究結果顯示，拜登運用了三種概念化特徵，包括剛毅、變動、以及層次特徵以用來置入在四類政治隱喻，包括旅程、建構、衝突、光與火隱喻以鋪陳美國政府對於規畫未來新冠肺炎政策的走向。三個概念化特徵中，剛毅特徵(n=53, 60.97%)為拜登在演講中所運用最頻繁之特徵。本研究貢獻主要提供一種綜合化的研究方法來調查演講者為主軸之概念化策略對於新冠肺炎的形象化理解，其中合併了以特徵為主軸之概念化策略以及政治隱喻來反映出演講者的口語策略。本研究表明政治家發表演講之思維的重要性。另外，此研究可為相關研究者提供思考方向有關於疫情狀況下政治家所運用之隱含寓意情境；對於民眾來說，也能提供了解政治家言論背後的潛在含意。

    關鍵詞 : 拜登總統、同質概念化映射、政治隱喻、人性化、新冠病毒

    Figurative language in political speeches is an indispensable medium to convey politicians' willpower. Previous literature reveals that coronavirus is framed as symbol of war from worldwide presidential remarks. Nevertheless, few studies investigate the human-based conceptualization of coronavirus. To fill the gap, the current study aims to investigate how Joseph Robinette Biden Jr, known as Joe Biden, the 46th president of the United States, utilizes conceptualized features as a persuasive tool in his COVID-19 remarks towards the Americans. Also, seventy-two corona-based speeches delivered by Biden are collected and analyzed. We have adopted Gibbs (2011) speaker-based conceptual homogeneous mapping facet, and Charteris-Black's (2004) political metaphor to illustrate the hybrid form of metaphorical scenarios during COVID-19 pandemic period. The reason why we incorporate the two theories is to observe Biden's framing usages and his metaphorical scenarios in pathogenic context. We have sought to address the two main research questions: (1a) Based on Gibbs (2011) speaker-based conceptual homogeneous mapping facet, what types of framing features does Biden conceptualize the coronavirus? (1b) What are the most common types of framing features in framing coronavirus? (2) Based on Charteris-Black's (2004) political metaphors, what types of political metaphors does Biden utilize to relieve audiences' worries? The results have shown that President Biden has utilized four political metaphors, including [journey], [building], [conflict], and [light & fire] metaphors with the focus on applying three types of framing features, including the features "sturdy, "fluctuating,' and "level" to conceptualize his wordings to depict the future blueprint of COVID-19 policies. In particular, it is found that feature 'sturdy' with its components are the most common type of conceptualized features (n=53, 60.97%) identified in Biden's COVID-19 remarks. The major contribution of the current thesis mainly provides the integrated form of investigating speaker-based framing strategies on coronavirus with the focus on combining feature-based conceptual traits and political metaphors to reflect speaker's colloquial strategies. Furthermore, the study has underscored the importance of politician’s mindset of delivering speeches and may provide knowledge and direction for researchers and audiences to understand metaphorical expressions of pandemic-based context from politician's statements.

    Keywords: Joe Biden, conceptual homogeneous mapping, political metaphor, human life, Coronavirus

    中文摘要 i ABSTRACT ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES x CONVENTIONS xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Research Background and Motivation 1 Definitions of Key Terminologies 5 Research Goals and Scope 5 The Significance of the Current Study 6 Research Questions 6 The Organization of the Thesis 7 Chapter 2 Literature Review 8 News Broadcasting of Framing Epidemic Language 8 Framing Epidemic Diseases as Enemies by Press Media 8 Interpreting Diseases as Social Protests 10 Rhetoric Measures in Framing Political Remarks 13 Colloquial Strategies in Political Speeches 14 The Pragmatic Input of Political Ideologies 16 Coronavirus Conceptualization Scenario in Presidential Speeches 19 Eastern Conceptualization of Framing COVID-19 as Wars 20 Western Conceptualization of Framing COVID-19 as Humans 21 Speaker-based Conceptual Homogeneous Mapping Facet 23 Theoretical Background of Speaker-based Conceptual Homogeneous Mapping Facet 23 Political Metaphors 27 Theoretical Background of Political Metaphors 27 Chapter 3 Methodology 33 Data Source 33 Data Collection 33 Research Instrument 35 Method of Analysis 35 Mechanism of Speaker-based Conceptual Homogeneous Mapping Facet 36 Mechanism of Metaphor in Political Speeches 37 Procedure of Data Analysis 38 Chapter 4 Results 40 Taxonomy of Biden’s Conceptualized Features in COVID-19 Remarks 40 Feature “Sturdy” 40 Feature “Fluctuating” 55 Feature “Level” 60 Blending Modes of Political Metaphor and Conceptualized Features 66 Positioning Predetermined Goals of Operating COVID-19 Policies 67 Political Dilemma Between Personal Sacrifice and Social Goals 70 Chapter 5 Discussion 73 Biden’s Cognitive Process of Framing Additive Coronavirus 73 Biden’s Binary Entailment in COVID-19 Remarks 76 Beneficial Mode of Inspirational Pep Talk 77 Blocking Mode of Admonition Pep Talk 80 Limitations 81 Chapter 6 Conclusion 83 Summary of the Findings 83 Implications 84 Suggestions 85 Contributions 85 References 87 Appendix A 94 Appendix B 98 Appendix C 102 Appendix D 103 Appendix E 105 Appendix F 110 Appendix G 111 Appendix H 114 Appendix I 117 Appendix J 122 Appendix K 128 Appendix L 129 Appendix M 133 Appendix N 138 Appendix O 139 Appendix P 145 Appendix Q 149 Appendix R 152 Appendix S 158 Appendix T 162 Appendix U 165 Appendix V 170 Appendix W 171 Appendix X 173 Appendix Y 178 Appendix Z 182 Appendix AA 183 Appendix AB 190 Appendix AC 194 Appendix AD 195 Appendix AE 198 Appendix AF 201 Appendix AG 202 Appendix AH 203 Appendix AI 211 Appendix AJ 213 Appendix AK 215 Appendix AL 217 Appendix AM 221 Appendix AN 224 Appendix AO 225 Appendix AP 227 Appendix AQ 228 Appendix AR 231 Appendix AS 237 Appendix AT 245 Appendix AU 246 Appendix AV 247 Appendix AW 248 Appendix AX 255 Appendix AY 256 Appendix AZ 263 Appendix AAA 267 Appendix AAB 272 Appendix AAC 276 Appendix AAD 281 Appendix AAE 285 Appendix AAF 292 Appendix AAG 293 Appendix AAH 299 Appendix AAI 305 Appendix AAJ 312 Appendix AAK 313 Appendix AAL 316 Appendix AAM 317 Appendix AAN 318 Appendix AAO 321 Appendix AAP 323 Appendix AAQ 324 Appendix AAR 325 Appendix AAS 328 Appendix AAT 329

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