一、 研究背景與問題：憂鬱症與焦慮症這兩種疾病在成人的精神疾病中是最常見的疾病之一，在臨床上也時常會發現這兩者有共病的情形，尤其是女性罹患憂鬱症、焦慮症以及焦慮憂鬱共病的機率也比男性高。為驗證焦慮憂鬱共病的三種假設：（一）憂鬱與焦慮擁有共同的致病因子；（二）焦慮與憂鬱具有不同的病因，但焦慮的結果會產生憂鬱；（三）「合併焦慮與憂鬱」是一種單獨的疾病。本研究以Merikangas（1990）所提出的比較單純憂鬱症、單純焦慮症、合併有憂鬱及焦慮症組以及正常控制組在比較其可能的致病因子上之差異的策略。而因過去研究指出憂鬱症與焦慮症與性格有關，故本研究將比較單純憂鬱症、單純焦慮症、焦慮憂鬱共病以及控制組在五大因素性格模式以及華人基本性格向度上之差異。
二、 研究方法：（一）樣本：取樣來自柯慧貞國科會產後婦女憂鬱研究中，以半結構式終生診斷量表（SADS-L,DSMIII版）進行診斷晤談確立其終身診斷，其中包括單純憂鬱症59名，單純焦慮症126名同時併有焦慮症與憂鬱症者71名以及正常控制組156名。其中有150位婦女參與本研究，接受面訪或是電訪並填寫問卷，共分為單純憂鬱症26名、單純焦慮症42名、憂鬱焦慮共病28名、以及正常控制組54名。（二）研究工具：主要以半結構式終生診斷量表（SADS-L；DSMIII版）、追蹤版（Mini-SADS；DSMIV版）及目前版（Current SADS；DSMIV版）的晤談診斷，並以生活適應量表、五大因素量表（FFI）、華人性格自評量表（特短式）的自評式問卷進行研究。
三、 結果：
（一）在五大性格向度上，以MANOVA進行分析，發現單純憂鬱、單純焦慮、共病與控制四組在神經質、親和性以及嚴謹性三向度上有顯著差異，進一步進行ANOAVA以及Scheffe事後比較發現單純憂鬱組在神經質向度上較控制組高，親和性以及嚴謹性向度上比控制組低；單純焦慮組僅發現在神經質向度上較控制組高；而憂鬱焦慮共病組則發現在神經質向度上較控制組高，親和性向度上則比控制組低。最後以區辨分析加以驗證，結果發現神經質最能區分三組疾病組與健康控制組。
（二）以本土華人性格向度來看，以MANOVA進行分析結果發現單純憂鬱、單純焦慮、共病與控制四組在溫順隨和、悲觀善感、誠信可靠以及豪邁直爽四向度上有顯著差異。進一步進行ANOAVA以及Scheffe事後比較，結果發現單純憂鬱組在溫順隨和向度上較控制組低，豪邁直爽向度上則較控制組高；單純焦慮組在溫順隨和向度上較控制組低，在悲觀善感向度上較控制組高；憂鬱焦慮共病則在溫順隨和與誠信可靠向度上較控制組低，悲觀善感向度上較控制組高。以區辨分析最後加以驗證，結果顯示溫順隨和最能區分三組疾病組與健康控制組的差異。
（三）在症狀上，在五性格向度中，憂鬱症狀與神經質成正相關，與外向性、親和性以及嚴謹性成負相關；而焦慮症狀則與與神經質成正相關，與親和性成負相關。
（四）華人七大性格向度中，憂鬱症狀與悲觀善感成正相關，與溫順隨和、精明幹練成負相關；焦慮症狀則與悲觀善感成正相關，與溫順隨和成負相關。
四、 結論：
綜合上述不論以五大性格向度或是華人性格向度進行探討之結果，均支持憂鬱症以及焦慮症可能具有共同致病因子之假設。在五大性格向度上，發現患有單純憂鬱症者，神經質較高，親和性以及嚴謹性較低；患有單純焦慮症者僅有神經質較高；憂鬱焦慮共病者則神經質較高，親和性較低。若以華人基本向度來看時，患有單純憂鬱症者溫順隨和較低，豪邁直爽較高；單純焦慮症者則是溫順隨較低，較悲觀善感；憂鬱焦慮共病者則是溫順隨和與誠信可靠均較低，而同樣較悲觀善感。

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