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研究生: 謝臻德
Shieh, Jen-Der
論文名稱: 多項式變曲率TMD於高樓結構之多軸向振動台即時複合實驗
Real-Time Hybrid Testing of Highrise Buildings with a PSIVC-TMD by Multi-Axial Simulation Table
指導教授: 朱世禹
Chu, Shih-Yu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 191
中文關鍵詞: 多項式變曲率滑動支承調諧質量阻尼器記憶體共享光纖網路多軸向振動台即時複合實驗
外文關鍵詞: tuned mass damper, high-rise buildings, real-time hybrid testing, multi-axial simulation table, hardware-in-the-loop, polynomial sliding isolator with variable curvature
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  • 本文之研究目的為探討PSIVC機構之摩擦行為、完成PSIVC-TMD於MAST振動台之數位式雙向即時複合實驗與相關之前期模擬測試、比較MAST即時複合實驗於加速度控制及位移控制下之差異、探討PSIVC-TMD之行為及減振效能。
    PSIVC之啟動機制為慣性力突破最大靜摩擦力時,而PSIVC從滑動狀態返回黏滯狀態之機制為檯面與PSIVC之動能相等時,因此PSIVC之單次滑動距離與啟動初始速度、動摩擦係數、震波類型有關。本文建議如要識別PSIVC之摩擦係數應依當下之物理現象選取有意義之資料點進行迴歸分析,並且由於PSIVC之摩擦行為屬非線性因此無法僅以一組庫倫或康氏摩擦係數表示,在進行PSIVC反應擬合時應對照當下PSIVC之行為代入不同摩擦係數。經本文探討得知PSIVC於雙向震波下之摩擦行為相當複雜,無法以雙向獨立之假設進行計算,也因此更應進行即時複合實驗測試,以得到較貼近PSIVC真實行為之結果。
    本文之主結構設計為依據Sadek等人[4]之十層樓剪力屋架參數進行調整而得,並且本文之x向主結構設計參數與PSIVC曲盤 內割線頻率滿足最佳TMD設計參數,而y向主結構之勁度為x向之1.2倍。本文實驗中作用於主結構各樓層之風力載重歷時為選用一組寬頻隨機外力,並依建築物耐風設計規範中隨建築物高度所得風速大小之比例進行載重分配。經數值模擬可得PSIVC-TMD於x向控制效果優於y向之結果。
    於DHILs測試中放入3階0.1Hz之Butterworth數位高通濾波器以模擬MAST振動台加速度控制之行為,發現因該濾波器造成之訊號相位提前(phase-lead)而使得本文之結構系統為不穩定。經DHILs之測試下,於主結構simulink模型中加入時間延遲模塊,直接對主結構第一模態頻率進行相位補償,便可解決MAST濾波器造成之主結構反應發散現象,然而結構反應經濾波器、補償器之影響下將與數值模擬之結果存在一定誤差。
    於PRTHT、RTHT實驗結果與DHILs進行比較,可得到在本文之實驗架構下以MAST位移控制之效果優於加速度控制,其原因為MAST位移控制不受濾波器影響故也無須進行相位補償。

    Recently, the technology of using a tuned mass damper (TMD) to reduce structural dynamic response has become more and more mature, and it has been widely used in engineering. From many theoretical and practical cases, it can be found that the installation of TMD in high-rise buildings can effectively reduce the impact of wind on buildings. To investigate the interaction effect between TMD and buildings, real-time hybrid testing (RTHT) is useful. The advantage of RTHT is that it can reduce the time and labor cost of the experiment. The basic concept of RTHT is to divide the whole building, including TMD, into two parts. In one part, the TMD represents the substructure, and the other part is a numerical model of the building, which represents the primary structure. During the RTHT test, the behavior of the primary structure will be represented by a multi-axial simulation table (MAST). In order to investigate the feasibility and experimental safety of RTHT with a TMD, this paper demonstrates the use of Digital-Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation (DHILs) to simulate the wind response of a high-rise building with a PSIVC-TMD. This paper also presents the experimental results of RTHT, and proposes that the DHILs should be used as a pre-test for RTHT in the future.

    摘要 I Extended Abstract III 致謝 XIII 目錄 XIV 表目錄 XVII 圖目錄 XIX 第1章 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 文獻回顧 2 1.2.1 多項式變曲率滑動支承相關文獻 2 1.2.2 TMD最佳設計參數相關文獻 2 1.2.3 硬體模擬相關文獻 3 1.2.4 即時複合試驗相關文獻 3 1.3 本文內容 5 第2章 多項式變曲率滑動支承之數值模型 7 2.1 前言 7 2.2 PSIVC元件介紹 8 2.2.1 元件構造 8 2.2.2 力學行為分析 9 2.2.3 滑動曲面參數 11 2.2.4 PSIVC單自由度數值模型 13 2.3 庫倫摩擦模型介紹 15 2.3.1 庫倫理論於PSIVC之應用 15 2.3.2 數值模型測試 17 2.3.3 能量法驗證 24 2.4 康氏摩擦模型介紹 27 2.4.1 康氏摩擦理論於PSIVC之應用 27 2.4.2 數值模型測試 28 2.5 摩擦係數識別 31 2.5.1 摩擦係數識別方法 31 2.5.2 單向震波之摩擦係數識別及檢討 32 2.5.3 雙向震波之摩擦係數識別及檢討 35 第3章 主結構之數值模型 81 3.1 前言 81 3.2 主結構之設計 81 3.2.1 最佳化設計案例 81 3.2.2 修正設計參數 82 3.3 複合實驗之數學模型推導 84 3.4 結構受風反應數值模擬 87 3.4.1 風力歷時 87 3.4.2 數值模擬結果 89 第4章 即時複合實驗之安全性探討 103 4.1 數位式硬體模擬之簡介 103 4.2 MAST加速度控制之數位式硬體模擬結果 103 4.3 訊號提前之直接補償法 105 4.4 複合實驗之穩定性評估參數 107 4.5 小結 109 第5章 使用MAST之TMD即時複合實驗 128 5.1 前言 128 5.2 部分式複合實驗與即時複合實驗配置 128 5.2.1 實驗設備介紹 128 5.2.2 實驗配置 130 5.3 MAST加速度控制之相位偏移識別 131 5.4 部分式複合實驗加速度控制結果 131 5.5 即時複合實驗加速度控制結果 134 5.6 位移控制結果 136 5.7 PSIVC-TMD之減震效能及行為檢討 137 第6章 結論與建議 181 6.1 結論 181 6.2 建議 182 參考文獻 184 口試委員意見表 188

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