植物宿主如何與共生微生物互動，以及這些微生物的來源，一直是許多研究探討的重點。然而，大多數研究集中於植物地下部分的微生物，包括土壤、根際和內生微生物。相比之下，有關植物地上部分的微生物，特別是葉際微生物的研究相對較少。葉際微生物的組成和來源受多種因素影響。從環境角度來看，葉際微生物可以來自空氣、土壤、雨水和授粉者，並受到紫外線、溫度變化以及有限的養分和水分的生存壓力影響。從演化角度來看，微生物可能由土壤、根際、根內甚至通過親代種子的垂直傳遞到植物地上部分。此外，植物宿主的基因型、次級代謝物和防禦機制也對微生物的篩選起著重要作用。
本研究以臺灣常見的蒿屬植物為對象，包括茵陳蒿(Artemisia capillaris)、濱艾(Artemisia fukudo)、五月艾(Artemisia indica)和牡蒿(Artemisia japonica)。研究比較了這些蒿屬植物的葉際微生物與土壤、根際和根內微生物的組成，並分析了葉際微生物的構成。分析結果顯示，土壤和根際的物種豐富度和多樣性顯著高於根內和葉際。此外，環境因素對葉際微生物的影響力比演化因素更為顯著。葉際微生物的組成與土壤、根際和根內微生物有明顯差異，其中某些微生物的相對豐度變化可能與垂直傳遞有關。

How plant hosts interact with symbiotic microorganisms and the origins of these microorganisms have long been the focus of many studies. However, most research has concentrated on microorganisms in the root system of plants, including soil, rhizosphere, and endosphere. In contrast, there has been relatively little research on microorganisms in the shoot system of plants, particularly phyllosphere microorganisms. The composition and sources of phyllosphere microorganisms are influenced by various factors.From an environmental perspective, phyllosphere microorganisms can come from air, soil, rainwater, and pollinators, and are influenced by survival pressures such as ultraviolet radiation, temperature fluctuations, and limited nutrients and water. From an evolutionary perspective, microorganisms can be vertically transmitted from soil, rhizosphere, and endosphere, or even from parent seeds to shoot system of plants. Additionally, the plant host's genotype, secondary metabolites, and defense mechanisms play a crucial role in the selection of microorganisms.This study focuses on common Artemisia species in Taiwan, including Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia fukudo, Artemisia indica, and Artemisia japonica. The study compares the composition of phyllosphere microorganisms of these Artemisia species with those of soil, rhizosphere, and endosphere, and analyzes the composition of phyllosphere microorganisms. The results show that the species richness and diversity of soil and rhizosphere are significantly higher than those of endosphere and phyllosphere. Furthermore, environmental factors have a more significant impact on the phyllosphere microorganisms than evolutionary factors. The composition of phyllosphere microorganisms is markedly different from those of soil, rhizosphere, and endophytes, and some changes in the relative abundance of microorganisms may be explained by vertical transmission.

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