摘要
佟妮‧摩里森 (1931~) 為現今美國文壇重要的非裔美籍女性作家。她的頭二部作品，《最藍的眼睛》（1970） 與《蘇拉》（1973），探討於40’年代黑人社群於北方俄亥俄州，白人當權的社會裡所面臨的種族、經濟、和性別的困境。
本論文的目的，在於探究黑人社會裡，社群的概念是如何在摩里森的文本裡成為一維繫黑人族群並抵禦白人霸權文化的力量，而此社群的概念，又是如何和革新的新世代相衝突。極具創意的摩里森在此兩部小說中同時給予了故事中主角怪異偏離社群的性格。如《最藍的眼睛》中的琵可拉及《蘇拉》中的蘇拉。藉由此兩位女性角色的牽引，故事中黑人社群中對白人文化既愛慕又仇恨的矛盾、對經濟弱勢的焦慮與無力、以及黑人女性如何承受種族性和性別的雙重壓迫已表露無遺。並藉由此偏離社群性格的兩位女性角色，摩里森將社群和個人分別放在天秤的兩端，衡量社群故步自封以及個人極度自由的危險。
本論文的第一章著眼於摩里森此兩部小說中所建構的黑人社群。藉由呈現《最藍的眼睛》中Lorain鎮上及《蘇拉》中the Bottom的街道、學校、商家、居民等人和地之間的密切關聯，此章試圖從現40’年代黑人社群在移居美國北方後的生活和特殊經驗。
論文的第二章則更進一步探討黑人族群的家庭生活。藉由呈現故事中的幾個黑人家庭的生活、父母親與子女的親疏，探究當移居北方後，黑人家庭所面對的族群以及經濟上的壓力，以及摩里森對黑人母職、父職的重新詮釋。
論文的第三章主要描述小說中主角琵可拉及蘇拉的怪異偏離的性格。在追溯此兩角色的成長經歷，此章試圖呈現黑人女性於成長中所可能遭遇與白人女性不同的困境，並從此困境裡黑人女性如何發展適切的黑人女性的身分認同。
最後，本論文著眼於琵可拉與蘇拉所帶給其黑人社群的衝擊。藉由審視摩里森如何以故事中主角的悲劇性收尾，探討黑人與社群間既互相依賴又牽制彼此的複雜拉扯。並藉由《蘇拉》中所呈現的白人社會，提出摩里森在豐富化黑人社群文化之同時，有簡化白人社群之質疑。

Abstract
Toni Morrison (1931~) is a significant contemporary Afro-American woman writer in the U. S. Her first two works, The Bluest Eye and Sula, focus on the Afro-American communities in the Ohio state during the forties, a time when the life within the black communities was faceted by race, class, and gender hardships.
The purposes of this thesis are two-ford: first to investigate how the sense of community becomes a unifying power to strengthen the Afro-American people against the dominant white culture; second to evaluate how the sense of community, in its old fashion, could be possibly contradict to the new generations. Morrison is inventive enough to create eccentric protagonists in the two works, Pecola Breedlove in The Bluest Eye and Sula Peace in Sula. Through the tracing the two girl protagonists’ growth, Morrison illustrates the dilemma of the Afro-American people in front of white hegemonic ideology, their anxiety and powerlessness on the economical inferiority, and the black women under double oppressions of race and gender. Through the two girl protagonists, moreover, Morrison explores the interacting forces between individuals and communities.
The first chapter focuses on the Afro-American communities, Lorain in The Bluest Eye and the Bottom in Sula. This chapter tries to give a geographical presentation of the black communities, the streets, schools, shops, and neighbors. By bringing forth the interplay of place and people, this chapter attempts to illustrate the diverse Afro-American life distinguished by the northward-migrating experience during the forties.
The second chapter extends the focus onto the Afro-American families. This chapter emphasizes the black families’ racial and economical hardships in the dominant white society. To probe the hardships, this chapter examines the various Afro-American family types, the interrelations between parents and children. This chapter also presents how Morrison sees through the social injustices and how she redefine black motherhood and fatherhood.
The third chapter attempts to explore the eccentricity of Morrison’s black female protagonists, Pecola and Sula. By tracing backward the growing of these two girls, this chapter intends to bring lights upon the social realities circumscribing black women’s lives. This chapter also traces how black women could possibly come to appreciation of being black and being female.
Finally, the concluding chapter looks at the impacts of Morrison’s eccentric protagonists on their black communities. By discussing how Morrison ends the two novels, this chapter stresses on the wrestles between black individuals and black communities. In addition, as the sense of diversity pervades through Morrison’s portrayals of Afro-American communities, families, and individuals, this chapter brings forth an investigation of how Morrison possibly simplifies the white society in her presentation.

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