坡地災害一直是山區關注的問題之一，降雨引致淺層滑坡特徵涉及較淺層的土壤範圍，深度在幾公尺範圍內，且涉及未飽和土壤水力行為的變化。降雨入滲引起的非飽和土壤水力行為變化，對土壤潤濕帶發展及邊坡不穩定的驅動具有重要作用。傳統的穩定性分析如極限平衡法等通常以單一的穩定性指標表示(如安全係數)，屬於確定性分析且難以表示由降雨入滲引起的吸應力及有效應力變化，以及實際邊坡的破壞面及其幾何形狀。此外，人們已經意識到相同安全係數可能代表不同程度的破壞機率，這取決於與土壤特性相關的可變性及不確定性。
本研究提出一個綜合的基於物理框架評估邊坡穩定性，該框架為基於理查方程式及局部安全係數理論的流體力學模型，可用於計算邊坡內含水量、吸力及局部安全係數分布與變化。本論文由三個主要分析及一個回顧主題組成，分別考慮土壤力學參數的不確定性、水力遲滯及連結土壤基本特性與岩土工程特性，並探討其對降雨引致淺層邊坡穩定性的綜合影響。最後，本研究全面回顧邊坡水文及穩定性與關鍵區科學的進展、相關性及共同挑戰。
本研究表明基於吸力的有效應力可以評估邊坡穩定性，結合基於物理的模型和監測數據能夠改進邊坡穩定性分析。本研究採用的模糊方法可以應對邊坡固有的不確定性，並顯示邊坡破壞機率的變化與淺層邊坡土壤含水量在空間上的重新分布有關。本研究在穩定性分析中考量經常被忽略的土壤水力遲滯，研究表明在不同的水文條件下評估土壤的流體力學變化和改進邊坡破壞預測時需合理的考慮水力遲滯。本研究嘗試根據現場導電度測量和水文參數結合及實驗室數據，將土壤基本特性與岩土工程特性聯繫起來，通過使用基質吸力和導電度數據建立抗剪強度評估框架，現場觀測結果和數值模擬驗證使用導電度評估抗剪強度模型的合適應用。基於邊坡研究的複雜性，跨學科關鍵區科學提供了新的機會，本研究回顧關鍵帶科學在邊坡研究中的進展和應用前景，提出基於過程的綜合監測策略、跨學科的綜合觀點及耦合分析架構與模型，從而貢獻基於監測數據、機制與過程的知識與新見解。

Hillslope hazards have always been one of concerns in mountainous area. Rainfall-induced shallow landslides are typically characterized by shallow soil extent, depths in the range of a few meters, and involve changes in the hydraulic behavior. Variations in the hydraulic behavior of unsaturated soils due to rainfall infiltration play a significant role in the development of soil wetting patterns and the initiation of slope failure. The conventional slope stability analysis such as limit equilibrium just seeks a single general slope stability index (e.g. factor of safety) and is a deterministic analysis. It is almost impossible to identify the change of the suction stress and effective stress owing to rainfall infiltration, and the actual slope failure surface and its geometry. Additionally, it has been recognized that the same value of factor of safety may represent different degree of risk depending on the variability and uncertainty related to soil properties.
This study proposed an integrated physically based framework to assess the slope stability. This framework is a hydromechanical model based on the Richards equation and theory of local factor of safety that can be used to compute the vary of the water content, suction stress, and the distribution of the local factor of safety within the slope. This dissertation consists of three main analyses and one review topic, considering the uncertainty of mechanical parameters, the hydraulic hysteresis and linking the basic properties of the soil with the geotechnical properties, respectively, to explore their comprehensive impact on the slope stability caused by rainfall. Finally, this study comprehensively reviewed the progress in, relevance between, and common challenges to hillslope hydrology, stability, and critical zone science.
This study shows the effective stress based on suction stress can assess hillslope stability. Combining physically based model and monitoring data improves the practical hillslope stability analysis. Fuzzy method adopted in this study can respond to the uncertainties inherent in practical landslide and demonstrates the change in the probability of failure is spatially related to the redistribution of the soil water content in shallow hillslope. This study also incorporated the often overlooked hydraulic hysteresis properties of soils in the stability analysis. The results demonstrate that hydraulic hysteresis must be considered in the evaluation of hydromechanical changes in soils and to improve prediction of slope failure, especially under different hydrological conditions. This study attempted to link soil fundamental properties to geotechnical engineering properties on the basis of in-situ electrical conductivity measurements and hydrological parameters, along with laboratory data. A framework for shear strength assessment has established by using matric suction and electrical conductivity data. In-situ observations and numerical simulations validated the appropriate application of using electrical conductivity to assess shear strength. Based on the complexity of hillslope studies, interdisciplinary critical zone science offers new opportunities. This study reviews the progress and analyzes the application prospects of critical zone science in the study of hillslope and presents a process-based integrated monitoring strategy, an interdisciplinary perspective, and a coupled analytical framework and model, thus contributing new knowledge and insights based on monitoring data, mechanisms, and processes.

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