運輸可分為陸運、空運及海運三種。三種運輸方式中，使用海洋運輸的比例是最高的，其貨物運輸量已占全球貨物運輸量90%。現今不少貨物採取貨櫃化運輸方式。主因在於貨櫃化運輸裝卸貨物容易，且船期、裝卸港口固定，讓貨主易於掌控貨物的流向及出貨時間。而定期貨櫃運輸則可提供精準的時間及運送貨物量之服務。
全球航運市場可分為三大區域：亞洲、歐洲及美洲。所營運的航線根據區域的不同，則劃分為越大西洋航線、越太平洋航線及遠歐航線。市場經濟景氣需求高時，不少航運業者為擴充運量而投入大量資金建造船舶。然而在船舶交船後，若正好遇到經濟不景氣時期，在供過於求的情況下會造成運價暴跌及船舶艙位供給的閒置。
未來的航運市場成為完全競爭狀態，只要運價低於競爭對手，爭取到的貨物運送量就愈多。為爭取更多的運送量，運輸工具—船隊的擴增是必然的。然而一艘貨櫃船成本將近一億美金，且必須承受半年至一年的建造期間。如果交船後市場運量萎縮，在供大於需的情況下，航運市場上的運價將會發生大幅下跌以求運量的增加的情況。最終結果造成賺取之利潤小於成本，長久入不敷出會導致許多航運業者歇業甚至倒閉。由此可知，運價的制定及運送量的多寡對航運業的營運影響有多深遠。運價與運量之間的關係、市場需求量高於運量時，是否要再購買船舶以增加船舶艙位供給等即是本研究的重點。

Transportation has three different models. 90% cargo use ocean transport in the world. A lot of cargo used container transport. Because container is easy to load and unload, the schedule and ports are fixed. The owner of goods can control cargo flows and times. Container transport can provide accuracy time and services.
Global economy market has three regions. Asia, Europe and North America are three economic regions in the market of shipping trade. Operators operate three lines: Trans- Pacific line, America North Eastbound line and Trans- Atlantic line. When the economy grows in the market, many shippers will to build the vessel to provide the market demand. But when the constructor delives vessel, if market of economy is downing, supply more then demand may cause price to drop and shipping space to waste.
Shipping market will become the perfect competitive market in the future. If freight lower then competitors, shipper can receive more volume. To expand the fleet is important. But constructing a vessel needs more than one hundred million capital to support, and acceptance half a year to one year of building vessel period. If market volume is downing when delivery of the ship, freight will fall to endeavored more volume. The situation is to turn into the revenue less than cost. Shipper will be out of business or bankrupted. So, we know the freight to establish and capacity will influence shipper’s operation. Our research is about the relationship of carrying capacity and volume, when the market demand higher than capacity, we need to buy a vessel to increase shipping space and vise versa is very important.

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參考網站：
1、 陽明海運公司 http://www.yangming.com.tw/
2、 長榮海運公司http://www.evergreen-marine.com/tw/
3、 萬海航運公司 http://web.wanhai.com
4、 兩岸通海運公司 http://www.ginifab.com.tw/promo/calculatecbm.html
5、 船舶產業市場知識服務系統 http://www.usddc.org.tw/shipdata/
6、 中華日報航運電子報 http://www.cdnsp.com.tw/main.htm
7、 工商時報 http://ctee.com.tw/
8、 臺灣商會聯合資訊網 http://www.taiwanchambers.net