研究背景與目的：酒癮與焦慮症的共病現象不管是在社區或臨床樣本中已相當常見，而共病不僅會增加在診斷、處置以及預後上面的困難度，並且提高社會成本的付出，因此共患精神疾病此議題非常值得臨床界、政府相關單位等的重視。以往針對共病機制的可能假設模式有三種：(一)酒癮引起焦慮；(二)焦慮引起酒癮；(三)第三共同因素造成。過去學者從遺傳、家族飲酒史、家庭功能、認知功能、酒精效果預期、性格特質等方面進行酒癮或焦慮致病機制的探討，其中基本性格向度可做為探討心理病理學之致病機制已獲得學者的廣泛認同，因此，本研究採取五大基本性格向度與華人基本性格向度探討酒癮與焦慮的共病機制，此外，酒癮患者常合併反社會人格疾患，但過去學者提出反社會人格疾患常會混淆酒癮性格之相關研究的結果，因此本研究預先排除合併反社會人格疾患的個案，以期測得酒癮與焦慮更為精確的性格特質。綜合以上，本研究目的為比較單純酒癮、單純焦慮、焦慮合併酒癮、以及正常控制組在華人基本性格向度與五大基本性格向度上的異同。

研究方法：本研究為病例對照設計，利用信效度良好之半結構式診斷晤談手冊確立診斷，共分為四組，包含單純酒癮組35位、單純焦慮組20位、焦慮合併酒癮組21位、正常控制組35位，並以NEO-FFI五因素性格量表中文版與華人基本性格向度量表評估個案的性格特質。統計分析則採用單因子共變數分析方法，控制年齡與教育年數等人口學變項，以比較四組在五大與華人基本性格向度上的差異，最後並進行強迫進入法區別分析，進一步檢驗基本性格向度如何將四組加以區分。

研究結果：(一)控制年齡與教育年數後，以單因子共變數分析四組在五大基本性格向度上的差異，結果發現單純酒癮、單純焦慮、焦慮合併酒癮在神經質向度上的得分均高於正常控制組，單純焦慮在外向性向度上的得分低於正常控制組，而焦慮合併酒癮在親和性向度上的得分高於正常控制組，在開放性、嚴謹性向度得分上四組無顯著差異。區別分析結果則顯示，即使控制年齡與教育年數的影響，神經質、外向性仍可區別有無焦慮疾患，而親和性仍可區別有無酒癮。(二)控制年齡與教育年數後，以單因子共變數分析四組在華人基本性格向度上的差異，結果發現單純酒癮、單純焦慮及焦慮合併酒癮在悲觀善感向度上的得分高於正常控制組，且單純酒癮在豪邁直爽向度上的得分高於正常控制組，在精明幹練、溫順隨和、外向活躍、誠信可靠、勤儉恆毅向度得分上四組均無顯著差異。區別分析結果則顯示，即使控制年齡與教育年數的影響，悲觀善感仍可區別有無焦慮疾患，而豪邁直爽仍可區別有無酒癮。

結論：高神經質與高悲觀善感是酒癮、焦慮的共同致病因子，顯示無論酒癮或焦慮皆可能較容易產生負向情緒調控問題，而低外向性則為焦慮的特殊致病因子，顯示單純焦慮患者正負向情緒調控均容易產生問題；低親和性則為焦慮合併酒癮的特殊致病因子，顯示共病患者對人態度傾向於防衛、敵意、競爭，其人際互動品質較差；高豪邁直爽則為單純酒癮之特殊致病因子，顯示單純酒癮患者傾向於以飲酒做為自己較為威猛、粗獷、獨立等特質的證明；以上三類患者均有其獨特的性格向度表現，以此推論單純酒癮、單純焦慮、焦慮合併酒癮三者在致病機制上並非同源，為獨立的三種疾患。

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