Background: Nursing practice has an integral role in palliative care, and more important in the burden of cancer. In Vietnam, nursing practice in palliative care mainly focused on basic skills despite guidelines and training. There was less research on the difficulties in nursing practice and the reality of nursing practice in palliative care.
Purposes: To determine difficulties in nursing practice and nursing self-report practice; examine factors related to difficulties in nursing practice and nursing self-report practice; identify the relationship between difficulties in nursing practice and nursing self-report practice in palliative care.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at six hospitals in two central cities of Vietnam. The questionnaire included participant's characteristics, Palliative Care Difficulties Scale and Palliative Care Self-Reported Practices Scale with a five-point Likert’s scale. Descriptive analyses, bivariate analyses, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data with significant level at p< .05.
Results: A total of 143 registered nurses were enrolled in the study from July 2019 to March 2020. Overall, difficulties and self-reported practices scores were 2.59 ± 0.62 and 2.72 ± 0.45, respectively, with possible score range from 1 to 5. All nurses reported the difficulties in nursing practice, community coordination as the most difficult, alleviating symptoms and communication in multidisciplinary teams as the least difficulties. In nursing self-report practice, the most nursing practice was dyspnea management, and the least nursing practice were dying-phase care, communication, and patient-and family-centered care. The more nurse practice, the less nurse gets difficulty in palliative care. Difficulties in alleviating symptoms, communication with patient and family, and communication in multidisciplinary teams had affected to nursing practice in palliative care. The most important factors related to difficulties in nursing practice and reality of nursing practice included age, clinical experience, continuing palliative care education, participation in palliative care seminars, and existence of a mentor for palliative care issues.
Conclusion: Nurses need more training programs in palliative care, especially in the areas of community coordination, dying-phase care, communication, and patient-and family-centered care. Minimizing the difficulties in alleviating symptoms, communication with patient and family, and communication in multidisciplinary teams could enhance nursing practice in palliative care.

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