| 研究生: |
冉婷 Jan, Ting |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
數位時代下音樂授權之研究—以區塊鏈應用為例 A Study on Music Licensing in the Digital Age—The Application of Blockchain Technology as an Example |
| 指導教授: |
陳思廷
Chen, Szu-Ting |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
社會科學院 - 法律學系 Department of Law |
| 論文出版年: | 2025 |
| 畢業學年度: | 113 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 150 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 區塊鏈 、智能合約 、著作權集體管理團體 、音樂現代化法案 、資料庫 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Blockchain, smart contract, copyright collective management organization, Music Modernization Act (MMA), database |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:135 下載:16 |
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本論文旨在探討數位時代下音樂授權制度所面臨之挑戰,並以區塊鏈技術為例,分析其作為解方的可能性與侷限性。首先,就我國音樂產業中授權機制的現況,指出在多元主體分持權利資訊與集體管理團體運作成效有限的情況下,整體授權環境呈現權利分散、流程繁複之困境。繼而參考美國《音樂現代化法案》(Music Modernization Act, MMA)中對法定資料庫之建置機制,進一步引出我國制度改革中對權利資訊整合平台的迫切需求。
除此之外,在新科技發展下人們也逐漸將眼光轉向區塊鏈技術,因其在分散式之權力架構下,結合密碼學與共識機制保障了一定程度之安全性,並打造無需信任之環境。在國內外之應用實例中,關於區塊鏈如何更即時、精確地分潤以創造新授權模式,頗值研究,惟區塊鏈技術本身尚在發展中,因此本文聚焦於區塊鏈若實際導入我國授權體系所可能面臨之挑戰,並探討我國制度應如何因應。
最後,本文研究認為區塊鏈雖尚不足以取代集管團體等中間人,惟不妨以數位資產管理與資訊保存之角度切入,短期內我國應優先建構中心化權利資料庫,並以區塊鏈作為未來基礎設施之一,逐步導入智能合約,以提升整體授權流程的效率與公平性。
This thesis explores the structural and technological challenges within Taiwan’s music licensing system in the digital era, with a focus on evaluating blockchain technology as both a potential solution and a subject of critical scrutiny. The study first examines the current licensing landscape, characterized by fragmented rights information scattered across multiple stakeholders and the limited functionality of collective management organizations (CMOs). These issues contribute to inefficiencies and increased barriers for license users. By referencing the U.S. Music Modernization Act (MMA) and its establishment of a statutory rights database, the research highlights the necessity of creating a centralized and transparent rights information platform as part of institutional reform in Taiwan.
In light of rapid technological advancements, blockchain has garnered attention for its decentralized structure, cryptographic security, and ability to enable trustless transactions. Case studies from domestic and international contexts are analyzed to assess blockchain’s capabilities in real-time royalty distribution and innovative licensing models. Nonetheless, the thesis emphasizes that blockchain is not a fully mature or universally applicable solution. Technical limitations, infrastructure readiness, and regulatory uncertainties all present implementation challenges.
The research concludes that while blockchain cannot yet replace CMOs, it holds significant potential as a supplementary tool for digital rights management and data integrity. In the short term, Taiwan should prioritize the construction of a centralized rights database, with blockchain serving as a long-term infrastructure layer to enable automation and transparency through smart contracts. This hybrid approach may gradually enhance the overall efficiency and fairness of the licensing system.
壹、中文部分
一、專書
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2.Don Tapscott, Alex Tapscott著,陳以禮、李芳齡譯,區塊鏈革命:比特幣技術如何影響貨幣、商業和世界運作,遠見天下文化,初版(2017)。
3.Primavera De Filippi, Aaron Wright著,王延川譯,區塊鏈與法律:程式碼之治,元照,初版(2019)。
4.王偉霖、楊珮琪,文化創意產業與中國大陸法制—以音樂產業為中心,元照,初版(2011)。
5.安藤和宏著,林佳瑩譯,日本娛樂產業與法律——兼論臺灣娛樂法,元照,初版(2023)。
6.吳為,區塊鏈金術:比特幣×以太坊×NFT×元宇宙×大數據×人工智慧,你必懂的新世紀超夯投資術,別再只是盲目進場,崧燁文化,初版(2022)。
7.孫森焱,民法債編總論上冊,作者自版,初版(2012)。
8.華為區塊鏈技術開發團隊,區塊鏈技術與應用,五南文化事業,初版(2020)。
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10.蔣勇、 文延、 嘉文,白話區塊鏈,碁峰,初版(2018)。
二、期刊論文
1.王怡蘋,德國著作權集體管理實務運作概況,收於:著作權法與商標法論文集,頁453-484(2018)。
2.杜芸璞,美國「音樂現代化法案」給予我國音樂授權之啟示,智慧財產權月刊,246期,頁77-96(2019)。
3.林利芝,從區塊鏈技術探究著作權登記之爭議,東吳法律學報,第32卷第3期,頁1-24(2021)。
4.林玫君,區塊鏈智能合約的契約法問題,國立中正大學法學集刊,第63期,頁128-171(2019)。
5.姚信安,論美國著作權法定形式制度於我國著作權登記制度立法之啟示,科技法學評論,第13卷第1期,頁155-217(2016)。
6.章忠信,我國著作權集體管理制度之實務發展與未來,慶祝智慧局 20 周年特刊,頁114-129(2019)。
7.章忠信,著作權集體管理制度下之著作單次使用費率討論,當代法律,40期,頁49-60(2025)。
8.章忠信,節目製播使用音樂的授權爭議解析,當代法律,13期,頁92-101(2023)。
9.章忠信、余啟民、董子涵、陳育萱,數位科技發展下音樂著作權專屬授權與競爭法適用競合之研究,第26屆競爭政策與公平交易法學術研討會,公平交易委員會主辦,頁1-159(2019)。
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15.歐俐伶、楊東謀,台灣政府開放資料之詮釋資料建置探討,教育資料與圖書館學,53卷1期,頁63-102(2016)。
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三、碩博士論文
1.徐偉純,區塊鏈智能合約之法律議題研究,東吳大學法律學系研究所碩士論文,(2023)。
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3.梁曉天,臺灣著作權集體管理團體發展與蛻變,東吳大學法律學研究所碩士論文(2016年)。
4.章忠信,著作權集體管理團體使用報酬率訂定之研究,國立交通大學科技法律研究所博士論文(2012)。
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6.陳永禛,運用區塊鏈解決著作權集體管理團體問題之研究,東吳大學法律學系碩士論文(2019)。
7.曾珺萍,音樂創作人營收管理之探討:以A創作人為例,世新大學公共關係暨廣告學研究所碩士論文(2019)。
8.劉俞佑,從區塊鏈運用論數位音樂經營模式之變革,國立政治大學科技管理與智慧財產研究所碩士論文(2019)。
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44.許明恩,司法聯盟鏈:國家級的數位鋼印、崩壞的可能,2022年7月14日,https://www.blocktrend.today/p/460#footnote-3-63900483(最後瀏覽日:2025/6/27)
45.黃子佼,歌曲版權可以共好共榮嗎,2022年10月25日,https://udn.com/news/story/7341/6711656?fbclid=IwAR1HlwfsEf8wdvEvdOfyIOa1YQWAnDHgKkzGheByKDuklBMyq5zdwyUpLOs (最後瀏覽日期:2025/4/9)
46.黃彥棻,【臺灣區塊鏈應用實例:司法聯盟鏈】區塊鏈貫穿司法審判流程,聯盟鏈兼具技術和管理優勢,2022年6月20日,https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/151487(最後瀏覽日:2025/6/27)
47.經濟部智慧財產局,「線上音樂及OTT業者訴求公開傳輸與重製授權單一窗口意見交流會」會議紀錄,https://www.moea.gov.tw/MNS/populace/news/wHandNews_File.ashx?file_id=85583(最後瀏覽日:2025/5/13)。
48.經濟部智慧財產局,立法院三讀通過「著作權集體管理團體條例」部分條文修正草案,2022年6月5日,https://www.tipo.gov.tw/tw/cp-883-909620-55e18-1.html (最後瀏覽日:2025/5/27)
49.經濟部智慧財產局,行政院會今(8)日通過「著作權法」及「著作權集體管理團體條例」等部分條文修正草案,2021年4月8日,https://www.moea.gov.tw/MNS/populace/news/News.aspx?kind=1&menu_id=40&news_id=93817(最後瀏覽日:2025/6/30)
50.經濟部智慧財產局,著作權的集體管理團體,https://www.tipo.gov.tw/tw/cp-58-800448-17e47-1.html(最後瀏覽日:2025/5/2)
51.劉致廷,ATM領不到錢 希臘民眾:這是場沒有武器的戰爭,2015年7月8日,https://www.storm.mg/article/56447(最後瀏覽日:2025/6/23)
52.樂手巢 YSOLIFE,我們給了很多錢!Spotify 稱去年付史上最高百億美元版稅,為何很多音樂人仍無感?,2025年4月3日,https://today.line.me/tw/v2/article/pewPYPG(最後瀏覽日:2025/6/15)
53.檸檬酸姐姐,藝術家踏入幣圈起手式:NFT販售必備知識&免費上架教學,https://mcartnote.com/nft-intro/(最後瀏覽日:2025/6/3)
54.鏈習生,公鏈、私有鏈、聯盟鏈是什麼?區塊鏈的三大分類介紹,2025年5月13日,https://chainee.io/what-is-public-blockchain-private-blockchain-consortium-blockchain/(最後瀏覽日:2025/6/2)
55.蘇育宣,鄧紫棋竟「6年0版稅」!重錄舊作今上線 控蜂鳥音樂奪歌權,2025年6月12日,https://tw.news.yahoo.com/鄧紫棋竟-6年0版稅-重錄舊作今上線-控蜂鳥音樂奪歌權-043300534.html(最後瀏覽日:2025/6/16)
貳、英文部分(按作者首字母排序)
I.Books
1.Antonopoulos, A. M., & Wood, G. (2019), Mastering Ethereum : building smart contracts and DApps, O'Reilly Media.
2.DAVID SINACORE-GUINN (1993), Collective administration of copyrights and neighboring rights: international practices, procedures, and organizations, Boston: Little, Brown.
3.Lawrence Lessig (1999), Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, New York: Basic Books.
II.Journal Papers
1.Anna S. Huffman (2021), What the Music Modernization Act Missed, and Why Taylor Swift Has the Answer: Payments in Streaming Companies’ Stock should be Dispersed Among all the Artists at the Label, 45 Iowa J. Corp. L. 537,101-120.
2.Arya Taghdiri (2019), How Blockchain Technology Can Revolutionize the Music Industry, Harvard Journal of Sports & Entertainment Law, Vol. 10, 173-195.
3.EDGAR BRONFMAN JR. (2019), BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY: THE BLUEPRINT FOR REBUILDING THE MUSIC INDUSTRY?, Cardozo Arts & Ent. LJ .;37, 229-261.
4.Ignacio De Leon, Ravi Gupta (2017), The Impact of Digital Innovation and Blockchain on the Music Industry, Exponential Technology,1-36.
5.Jeremy Silver (2016), Blockchain or the Chaingang? Challenges, opportunities and hype: the music industry and blockchain technologies, CREATe Working Paper, 1-62.
6.Jillian J. Dahrooge (2021), THE REAL SLIM SHADY: HOW SPOTIFY AND OTHER MUSIC STREAMING SERVICES ARE TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE LOOPHOLES WITHIN THE MUSIC MODERNIZATION ACT, 21 J. High Tech. L.,199-240.
7.Johnson, D. R., & Post, D. (1996). Law and Borders: The Rise of Law in Cyberspace, Stanford Law Review, 48(5), 1367–1402.
8.Jonathan Waldman (2018), Blockchain Fundamentals, MSDN Magazine, Volume 33 No. 3, 20-32.
9.Keri Ogden (2023), The Proof is in the Data: How Ethereum and Efficient Audits Can Reduce Litigation in the Streaming Era, 44 Loy. L.A. Ent. L. Rev,43-60.
10.Mark Giancaspro (2017), Is a ‘smart contract’ really a smart idea? Insights from a legal perspective, Computer Law & Security Review Volume 33, Issue 6,825-835.
11.Max Raskin (2017), THE LAW AND LEGALITY OF SMART CONTRACTS, 1 GEO. L. TECH. REV. 305,305-341.
12.Sarah Anderson (2018), The Missing Link Between Blockchain and Copyright: How Companies Are Using New Technology to Misinform Creators and Violate Federal Law, North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology, Volume 19, Issue 4, 1-32.
13.Sijia Zhao, Donal O'Mahony (2018), BMC Protector: A Blockchain and Smart Contract Based Application for Music Copyright Protection, ICBTA paper,1-9.
14.Tanner J. Kramp (2023), Rage Against the Machine: Why the Music Modernization Act Is but the First Step in Musicians’ Battle to Reclaim the Value of Their Works, Boston College Law Review, 64(1),219-251.
15.Tran Ngoc Linh Tam (2019), MUSIC COPYRIGHT MANAGEMENT ON BLOCKCHAIN: ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES, 29 ALB. L.J. SCI. & TECH.,202-227.
III.Internet Source
1.Amazon Web Services, MLC Life on AWS: Customer Story, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOdEy3qH9mo (last visited:2025/6/26)
2.Andy Price, “More music is being released today (in a single day) than was released in the calendar year of 1989”: How the music production industry has taken note of the huge number of self-releasing artists, https://www.musicradar.com/music-industry/more-music-is-being-released-today-in-a-single-day-than-was-released-in-the-calendar-year-of-1989-how-the-music-production-industry-has-taken-note-of-the-huge-number-of-self-releasing-artists (last visited:2025/6/17)
3.ASCAP, All About IPI Numbers, https://www.ascap.com/help/registering-your-music/ipi-faqs (last visited:2025/6/5)
4.Benji Rogers, The Dot Blockchain Music Project Alpha Release - (dotBC Update #4), https://medium.com/@lovingyourwork/the-dot-blockchain-music-project-alpha-release-update-4-20f40551d091 (last visited:2025/6/5)
5.Bill Rosenblatt, Music Modernization Act Proposes Single Solution to Mechanical Licensing Problem, https://copyrightandtechnology.com/2017/12/30/music- modernization-act-proposes-single-solution-to-mechanical-licensing-problem/ (last visited:2025/5/26)
6.Bitcoin, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. (last visited:2025/4/9)
7.Bittunes.org, An independent digital music market, https://www.bittunes.org/general-explanation/ (last visited:2025/6/6)
8.Bittunes.org, Technology, https://www.bittunes.org/technology/ (last visited:2025/6/6)
9.Blockchain.com, Mempool Size (Bytes), https://www.blockchain.com/explorer/charts/mempool-size (last visited:2025/6/17)
10.Coin Explorers, Overview of the Technical Stack Behind ConsenSys' Ujo Music Creator's Portal Alpha, https://blog.ujomusic.com/ujo-public-alpha-technical-stack-2688df7c66cc (last visited:2025/6/3)
11.CoinGecko, Bitcoin Price Overview, https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/bitcoin (last visited:2025/4/9)
12.Copyright.gov., Classics Protection and Access Act, https://www.copyright.gov/music-modernization/pre1972-soundrecordings/ (last visited:2025/5/21)
13.Cryptovox, The Biggest Crypto Heist You Never Heard About: The DAO Hack That Changed Everything, https://www.binance.com/zh-TC/square/post/15176838480850 (last visited:2025/6/20)
14.Daniel Sanchez, 3 Major Problems With The Music Modernization Act, Digi- tal MUSIC News, https://www.digitalmusicnews.com/2018/02/27/ music-modernization-act-major-problems/ (last visited:2025/5/26)
15.Ed Christman, Steve Jobs Remembered by Edgar Bronfman Jr., Martin Bandier and Other Executives, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/steve-jobs-remembered-by-edgar-245190/ (last visited:2025/4/8)
16.Edelman, 2025 TRUST BAROMETER, https://www.edelman.com/trust/2025/trust-barometer (last visited:2025/6/14)
17.ethereum.org, Ethereum Whitepaper, https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/ (last visited:2025/6/19)
18.Etherscan, Address 0x77677ef25527A5fa8E3e5cbF0b82Bb30196F157B, https://etherscan.io/address/0x77677ef25527a5fa8e3e5cbf0b82bb30196f157b#analytics (last visited:2025/6/27)
19.Gallup, U.S. Confidence in Institutions Mostly Flat, but Police Up, https://news.gallup.com/poll/647303/confidence-institutions-mostly-flat-police.aspx (last visited:2025/6/14)
20.Garrett Levin, Five Years Later – The Music Modernization Act Hearing, https://judiciary.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-judiciary.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/levin-testimony.pdf (last visited:2025/5/26)
21.GitHub Gist, TinyHuman.sol, https://gist.github.com/simondlr/0e0ca655bd13c1dad072 (last visited:2025/6/3)
22.Github, anyone can kill your contract #6995,Nov 6, 2017, https://github.com/openethereum/parity-ethereum/issues/6995 (last visited:2025/6/21)
23.Github, COALA IP Spec / Whitepaper, https://github.com/COALAIP/specs?tab=readme-ov-file (last visited:2025/6/16)
24.IEA, Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report 2024, https://www.iea.org/reports/tracking-sdg7-the-energy-progress-report-2024 (last visited:2025/6/21)
25.IFPI, GLOBAL MUSIC REPORT 2025, https://ifpi-website-cms.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/GMR_2025_State_of_the_Industry_Final_83665b84be.pdf (last visited:2025/4/8)
26.JASRAC, Official Launch of “KENDRIX”, https://www.jasrac.or.jp/ejhp/release/2022/1031.html (last visited:2025/6/5)
27.JOSH STARK, Making Sense of Blockchain Smart Contracts, https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2016/06/04/making-sense-of-blockchain-smart-contracts (last visited:2025/6/19)
28.JUSTIN OCONNELL, Bittunes Looks To Bitcoin To Transform Music Industry, https://www.ccn.com/bittunes-looks-bitcoin-transform-music-industry/ (last visited:2025/6/6)
29.MLC, Bulk Data Access Subscription, https://www.themlc.com/bulk-database-feed (last visited:2025/6/26)
30.MLC, DSP Audits, https://www.themlc.com/dsp-audits (last visited:2025/6/29)
31.MLC, The Challenge: Unmatched Recordings, https://www.themlc.com/durp-initiative (last visited:2025/5/26)
32.Nate Hoffelder, Buzzword Bingo: How Binded (Blockai) Says the Blockchain Will Protect Your Copyright, and Other Nonsense, https://the-digital-reader.com/buzzword-bingo-how-the-blockai-says-the-blockchain-will-protect-your-copyright-and-other-nonsense/ (last visited:2025/6/27)
33.PRESS ADVANTAGE, PeerTracks Announces Newest Feature "Notes", https://pressadvantage.com/story/3339-peertracks-announces-newest-feature-notes/ (last visited:2025/6/6)
34.PRS for Music, PRS for Music launches royalty dashboard for music creators, https://www.prsformusic.com/press/2019/prs-for-music-launches-royalty-dashboard-for-music-creators (last visited:2025/6/30)
35.PRYOR CASHMAN LLP, THE MECHANICAL LICENSING COLLECTIVE’S OPENING SUBMISSION IN SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSED INITIAL ADMINISTRATIVE ASSESSMENT, https://app.crb.gov/document/download/7863 (last visited:2025/6/29)
36.Simon de la Rouviere, Ujo x RAC: Under the Hood - The Future of Licensing, https://blog.ujomusic.com/ujo-x-rac-under-the-hood-the-future-of-licensing-d4f38e2efabd (last visited:2025/6/18)
37.StackExchange, Is the block creation in Bitcoin a Poisson process, https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/722/has-there-ever-been-a-successful-double-spend-attack-on-the-bitcoin-network-if (last visited:2025/6/1)
38.Superb Crew, Streaming Platform PeerTracks Uses The SounDAC Blockchain To Provide Free Music For Us All, https://www.superbcrew.com/streaming-platform-peertracks-uses-the-soundac-blockchain-to-provide-free-music-for-us-all/ (last visited:2025/6/5)
39.Tom Newman, How much music streaming services pay per stream in 2025, https://routenote.com/blog/how-much-music-streaming-services-pay/ (last visted:2025/5/20)
40.U.S. Copyright Office, MLC and DLC Contact Information, Boards of Directors, and Committees, https://www.copyright.gov/music-modernization/mlc-dlc-info/ (last visited:2025/5/23)
41.Ujo Team, A Beginner’s Guide to Music and Blockchain: Why it Matters for Musicians, https://blog.ujomusic.com/a-beginners-guide-to-music-and-blockchain-why-it-matters-for-musicians-ef092bcfad93 (last visited:2025/6/3)
42.Ujo Team, Evolution of Ujo Music: The Tiny Human Retrospective, https://medium.com/consensys-media/evolution-of-ujo-music-the-tiny-human-retrospective-e23136197c31 (last visited:2025/6/3)
43.Ujo Team, Introducing Streaming Payments for Ujo with Connext Payment Channels and Dai, https://blog.ujomusic.com/introducing-streaming-payments-for-ujo-with-connext-payment-channels-and-dai-16725929fe38 (last visited:2025/6/18)